Mu Rwanda habarurwa impunzi ibihumbi 134.519, aho 62.2% byazo baturuka mu Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC), 37.2% baturutse mu Burundi mu gihe 0.5% ari abavuye mu bindi bihugu.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi mu Rwanda (UNHCR) rivuga ko inkunga igene impunzi yabonetse ingana na 37% gusa, ibi bikaba byaratumye biba ngombwa kugabanya ibyo impunzi zigenerwa ndetse bimwe bigakurwaho burundu.
Muri izi mpinduka biteganyijwe ko impunzi iri mu cyiciro cya 1 zahabwaga amafranga ibihumbi 10 ku kwezi zizajya zihabwa 8,500Frw; izo mu cyiciro cya 2 zahabwaga 5,000Frw zizajya zihabwa 4,250Frw. Ni mu gihe abo mu cyiciro cya 3 bo nta bufasha bagenerwa.
Kugeza ubu 6% by’impunzi zose ziba mu nkambi zo mu Rwanda nta bufasha zihabwa, abangana na 3% ntabwo bishoboye mu gihe abagera ku 9% bataba mu nkambi bisobanuye ko nta kindi bagenerwa usibye ubuvuzi.
Umuvugizi w’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi, Lilly Carlisle, aganira na RBA dukesha iyi nkuru, asobanura impamvu nyamukuru y’igabanuka ry’iyi nkunga, avuga ko byatewe n’abaterankunga bagabanyije cyane ibyo bazigeneraga.
Agira ati ”Impamvu yabiteye ni uko inkunga duhabwa yagabanutse, kuko kugeza muri uku kwezi kwa 11 tumaze kwakira 37 ku ijana by’inkunga ikwiye kuba ifasha impunzi ziri mu Rwanda. Gusa iyi nkunga ntiyagabanyijwe ku mpunzi ziri mu Rwanda gusa, ahubwo no bindi bihugu ku isi hafashwe umwanzuro nk’uyu ubabaje.
Mu myaka mike ishize hakomeza kwiyongera kw’ibibazo byihutirwa bikeneye ubufasha kurusha ibindi nk’intambara yo muri Ukraine, Sudan n’ibibazo biri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati; ni yo mpamvu amafaranga agenerwa impunzi yagabanutse, cyane cyane mu bihugu birimo impunzi zimaze igihe kinini nko mu Rwanda. Turacyakomeza gukora ubuvugizi kugira ngo ubufasha bwongere buboneke.”
Akomeza avuga ko abasanzwe bakoresha gazi bazakomeza kuyihabwa kuko mu bubiko igihari, mu gihe abahabwaga amafaranga yo kugura inkwi bo batazayabona, naho abarwaye bajyaga boherezwa hanze y’inkambi ntibazongera guhabwa iyi serivisi kereka bibaye ngombwa.
Uku kugabanyuka kw’inkunga byatumye zimwe mu mpunzi ziba mu Rwanda zihangayikishwa n’igabanuka ndetse n’ivanwaho rya bumwe mu bufasha zisanzwe zigenerwa kuko zibona ubuzima bwabo buzarushaho kuba bubi. N’ubwo bamwe bataka hari abandi bavuga ko bakomeje kwihangira imirimo ngo bazibe iki cyuho.
Rwagati mu Nkambi ya Mahama ihereye mu Karere ka Kirehe, uhasanga urujya n’uruza rw’impunzi, buri wese ari mu mirimo ye. Ni mu gihe ariko uku kwezi kwa 11 kuzanye impinduka ku mpunzi zose zibarizwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda, kuko hari bimwe mu byo bagenerwaga bigiye gukurwaho burundu, ibindi bikagabanuka ku gipimo runaka: birumvikana ko nta wishimiye uyu mwanzuro.
Ngerageze Salvator, uba muri iyo nkambi, agira ati “Twasanze ari ikibazo kuko tudashobora kubona amakara cyangwa inkwi, iyo umuntu ahawe ayo mafaranga akaronka icyo ahaha, kubona icyo abitekesha ni ikibazo.”
Mukamusoni Chantal na we uba muri iyi nkambi, agira ati “Nibyogenda uko tuzakira ubu buzima twicare aho, twakire ibibaye ariko ntabwo tuzoba twishimye. Abicwa n’inzara izo bica, abashoboye guhunguka bahunguke, abatabishoboye bazemera bagume muri ubwo buribwe…”
Uzamukunda Mariya, na we aba muri iyi nkambi. Agira ati “Nkubwize ukuri, nibagabanya bazaba baduhemukiye pe! Njyewe nk’umukongomani, ntitwenda kubona ho tujya, ntaho dufite ho kujya.”
Abayobora izi mpunzi basanga hakwiye gukorwa ubuvugizi kugirango ubufasha bwazo bugumeho kuko hari benshi bazagirwaho ingaruka n’iri gabanywa cyangwa ikurwaho ry’inkunga zigenerwa.
Ukwibishatse Jean Bosco, Umukuru w’Impunzi mu nkambi ya Mahama, agira ati “Bizogorana kuko uno munsi ku mashuri naho bigenda bihinduranya, uno munsi ku mashuri nta gazi bafite, kandi bohora bayibona. Ibyo byose rero usanga bitewe n’imibereho ya minsi mu nkambi, abana b’abakobwa bishora mu bintu bitandukanye kandi bibi kubera ubukene. Uzasanga imiryango isubiranamo kubera ubukene,”
Chantal Bibonimana, Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu nkambi y’impunzi ya Mahama, agira ati “Murumva ko bitoroshye kandi nta nyishyu! Buri wese aribaza ukuntu azabaho. Ikindi natcyo tubona ko ari ikibazo ni uko nta bantu bifuza gutaha, hariho abari baratashye baragaruka, hari abo tuzi bapfiriyeyo bari baratashye, mbese hari ihungabana ridasanzwe.”
Bamwe bafite ibikorwa bibyara inyungu
N’ubwo bimeze bityo, mu nkambi ya Mahama usanga impunzi ziri mu bushabitsi butandukanye, kuko hari bamwe bateye intambwe yo kugira ibindi bakora byunganira inkunga basanzwe bagenerwa, bigatuma imibereho yabo irushaho guhinduka mu buzima bw’ubuhunzi basanzwe babayemo.
Nkeramihigo Philbert, acuruza ubuconsho. Agira ati “Igishoro twari dufise gikeya ariko twaronse inkomoko iduha inguzanyo, turatangura turadandaza. Ubufasha rero buza bwunganira…”
Niyomufasha Leopold, acuruza amavuta n’ibindi abagore bakenera mu nkambi ya Mahama. Agira ati “Bitewe n’ubuzima bubi bwari buhari twagiye twishakamo ibisubizo ngo tubone uko twabaho. Biramfasha buke buke!”
Mu mboni za Minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubutabazi (MINEMA) ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, ngo igisubizo kirambye ni uko izi mpunzi zikwiye kuyoboka gahunda zashyizweho zigamije kwigira.
Karagire Gonzague, ushinzwe ibibazo by’impunzi muri iyi minisiteri agira ati “Nubundi impunzi impunzi tugomba kuzifasha kugira ubushobozi bwo kugira ibyo zigeraho kurusha uko zakomeza gutegereza inkunga z’abafatanyabikorwa. Hari umushinga wa Jyambere dufatanya n’abafatanyabikorwa banyuranye, ufasha impunzi mu buryo bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo inyuranye ndetse no kubona ubushobozi bwo gukora ishoramari. Hari n’indi mishinga ibafasha mu kurushaho kwigira.”
Kageruka Christa, umukozi muri Practical Action, Ushinzwe kwegereza impunzi amashanyarazi. Agira ati “Twamaze kubona abagera kuri Magana atatu tuzafasha kuzamura ubucuruzi bwabo, bakajya muri ya mazu twubaka twita Business centers, bakabona aho bakorera hari umuriro bakabasha kwiteza imbere bakazamura ubucuruzi…”
U Rwanda rwatangiye kwakira impunzi z’abanyekongo kuva mu 1996, mu gihe iz’abarundi zinjiye mu Rwanda mu 2015. Ariko hari undi mu bare muto w’abaturutse muri Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia na Libya bangana na 0,5%. Muri uyu mwaka UNHCR yari ifite ingengo y’imari igenewe impunzi ingana na Miliyoni 90.5 z’amadolari ya Amerika, ikaba yarabonye 37% byayo.
Rene Anthere Rwanyange
