Safi Emmanuel
Mu bibazo by’umutekano muke ndetse binashobora gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bw’abacukura amabuye y’agaciro byakunze kugaragazwa mu Rwanda, harimo kugwirwa n’ibirombe ndetse abenshi bakahasiga ubuzima. Ikindi kigihangayikishije benshi ni ukudahembwa neza, kudahemberwa igihe no kutagira amasezerano n’ubwishingizi by’akazi.
Ingaruka nyishyi usanga ziganje mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda muri iyi ntara, SP Jean Bosco Mwiseneza, aherutse kuburira abishora mu gucukura amabuye mu buryo butemewe, ko Polisi itazigera ituma bagoheka.
Agira ati “Turagira inama abaturage kwirinda ibikorwa nk’ibyo, kuko ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko. Bibagiraho ingaruka zirimo impanuka zo kugwirwa n’ibirombe bamwe bakahatakariza ubuzima, abandi bakahakomerekera ndetse abenshi zibasigira ubumuga”.
Mu myaka ishize, u Rwanda rwafashe ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura no guteza imbere urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, kugira ngo ruhuze n’amahame ajyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, umutekano n’ishoramari.
Leta yashyize imbere ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bukorwa mu buryo bwemewe, ishyiraho amategeko akaze agamije guca ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko no gukangurira abafite uburenganzira bwo gucukura kubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho.
Izi ngamba zigamije guteza imbere ubucukuzi burambye, butanga inyungu ku bukungu bw’igihugu kandi bukarengera imibereho myiza y’abaturage. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, hari zimwe mu nganda zananiwe kubahiriza amategeko n’amasezerano, bituma inzego zishinzwe kugenzura uru rwego zifata ibyemezo bikakaye.
Eng. Mutsindashyaka Andre, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Sendika y’abakora mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’Agaciro, mine na Kariyeri (REWU: Rwanda Extractive Industry Workers Union) avuga ko 34% by’abakozi bakora mu birombe (Mining sites) bafite amasezerano y’akazi ahoraho, nyuma y’ubuvugizi bw’igihe kirekire bwakozwe.
Avuga kandi ko impanuka zagabanutse ku buryo bugaraga kuko abakozi bakora mu birombe bose bafite ibikoresho byabugenewe, hagamijwe kubungabunga ubuzima bwabo no guhangana n’impanuka bahura na zo mu kazi.
Agira ati: “Abakozi bose bafite ibyagobwa basaga 801, bamwe muri abo bize kaminuza, abandi bafite amahugurwa baboneye mu kazi, cyane ko abeshi usanga ari abaturiye ibyo birombe, bicukura amabuye y’agaciro, aho amabuye y’agaciro acukurwa cyane usanga ari mu misozi itandukanye y’uRwanda. Abakozi 701 usanga bafite ubumenyi bakuye mu kazi cyane ko bahabwa amahugurwa n’inzobere mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ku Isi, ndetse n’inzobere zo muri RTVT mpuzamahanga, ibi bituma bagira ubumenyi buhagije.”
Eng. Mutsindashyaka akomeza avunga ko kugeza ubu abakozi bagera ku bihumbi bibiri na magana arindwi (2700) ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na Kariyeri (Rwanda Mining Board -RMB), Minisiteri y’abakozi ba leta n’umurimo (MIFOTORA), Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’Ubumenyingiro (Rwanda TVET Board -RTB), Ihuriro rya ba nyir’ibigo bicukura amabuye y’agaciro mine na Kariyeri (Rwanda Mining Association -RMA) babigisha guturitsa intambi n’ubundi bumenyi bwifashishwa mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Nk’uko Mutsindashyaka akomeza abisobanura, abagore bakoraga imirimo yo mu birombe mu Rwanda bari ku kigero cya 11.4% muri 2023 bariyongera bagera kuri 24% kugeza mu mwaka wa 2025.
Mu rwego rwo korohereza ababyeyi kunoza imirio yabo muri iki gice cy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, REWU n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bashyizeho amarerero (ECDs) muri buri kirombe (mining sites), ku buryo ababyeyi bakora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro batagita akazi ngo bajye konsa abana babo, ahubwo bakabikorera aho nk’abandi bakozi bose ba Leta.
Mutsindashyaka avuga ko n’ubwo amategeko ari ngombwa, igikomeye ari ukureba niba abaturage babonamo inyungu muri ubu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Agaruka ku kamaro k’ibikorwaremezo (infrastructures) mu bice iyi mirimo ikorerwamo, icyo bimariye umuturage mu buryo budahungabanya ubuzima bwe.
Ibindi abakozi bagenerwa
Ku bufatanye na sendika REWU, abakozi bacukura amabuye y’agaciro bahabwa agahimbazamushyi (motivational allowance) kabarirwa hagati y’amafaranga igihumbi na Magana atanu (1500Frw n’Ibihumbi bine (4000Frw) ku munsi, kandi akanahemberwa ibyo yacukuye mu kirombe, cyane ko buri mucukuzi bamuhembera umusaruro yinjije.
Agira ati “REWU ifite abanyamuryango basaga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bibiri, bose bakaba ari abakozi bahoraho kandi bemewe n’amategeko agenga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda. Abakozi bafite amasezerano yemewe n’amategeko bahemberwa kuri banki zabo bagera ku bihumbi bitanu na Magana atatu, bose bafite amasezerano yakazi.”
Mutsindashyaka akomeza avuga ko zimwe mu ntego bafite ari ugukomeza guteza imbere ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda, barengera ibidukikije, banita ku kurwanya abishora mu bucukuzi butemewe n’amategeko.
Ashimira abafatanyabikorwa barimo Leta y’u Rwanda, Enabel, Unicef, EU, UN Women, PACTI Rwanda n’abandi.
Abacukura amabuye y’agaciro bagirwa inama yo gucukura birinda kwangiza ibidukikije. Agira ati “Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro nti bugomba gutandukanywa no kurengera ibidukikije, kubera ibibazo igihugu cyacu gihanganye na byo bijyanye no kurwanya isuri, ni byiza ko harebwa ahantu hose bigaragara ko hibasiwe n’isuri kugira ngohitabweho”.
Ku birebana n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda, hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya n’icyerekezo cy’uru rwego, ku bitekerezo bya Tristan Minyati, Umujyanama Mukuru akaba n’Umuyobozi Ushinzwe Iyubahirizwa ry’Amategeko mu Kigo cya Trinity Metals, gikora ibijyanye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, agira icyo abivugaho ku giti.
Agira ati “U Rwanda rufite umutungo kamere w’amabuye y’agaciro, ariko kugira ngo wunguke neza bisaba ko hashingwa amategeko n’ingamba zo gucunga neza iri koranabuhanga. Ibi bifasha abacukuzi gukora kinyamwuga, bikarwanya ubucukuzi butemewe kandi bigatuma abashoramari babona icyizere cyo gushora imari mu Rwanda.”
Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda ni urwego rw’ubukungu rufite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Imibare yo mu 2023 igaragaza ko uru rwego rwinjirije u Rwanda miliyari 1,1 Frw, avuye kuri miliyoni 772 Frw mu 2022. Uku kuzamuka kugaragaza uruhare rw’amabuye y’agaciro mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu, cyane ko ibyo bikoresho bikenerwa cyane ku isi muri iki kinyejana cya 21.
Itegeko rishya ry’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro
Ku wa 24 Nyakanga 2024, hatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa itegeko rishya nimero 072/2024 ryo ku wa 26 Kamena 2024. Iri tegeko rije gukemura ibibazo byagaragaraga mu itegeko ryo mu 2018, by’umwihariko ibihano ku bikorwa by’ubucukuzi butemewe.
Isura y’ahazaza h’ubucukuzi mu Rwanda
Nubwo itegeko rishya rizagira uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere uru rwego, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaryo ni ryo rizagaragaza inyungu nyazo. Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaz (RMB) gifite inshingano zo gushyiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iri tegeko.
Mu mezi ashize, Guverinoma yakoze ibikomeye mu kurwanya ubucukuzi n’ubucuruzi butemewe bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Ariko kugira ngo izi ngamba zirusheho gutanga umusaruro, hakenewe ubukangurambaga bwigisha abacukuzi, abacuruzi n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa iby’iri tegeko n’inshingano zabo.
Itegeko rishya ni intambwe ikomeye mu guteza imbere ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, rizatuma u Rwanda rugira imikorere irambye, rutere imbere kandi rugaragaze ko rwiyemeje kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe y’uyu mutungo kamere.
