Ibikorwa bya muntu byongereye imyuka ihumanya ikiree ya karuboni (CO2), bituma ubushyuhe bwiyongera ku isi. Ibihe bikomeye by’ikirere (ubushyuhe, imyuzure… ndetse no gushonga k’urubura rwo mu mpera z’isi biri mu ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni iki?
N’uko tubikesha urubuga Science et Environnement, imihindagurikire y’ikirere irebana n’impinduka muri rusange y’ibigize ikirere n’ibihe. Irangwa n’impinduka y’ibigize ikirere kimenyerewe mu buryo n’inshuro bidasanzwe biba mu gihe kirekire, akenshi hagati y’imyaka 30 na 35. Ibigize ikirere bihinduka bikubiyemo uko imvura igwa, ubushyuhe, imiyaga, ububobere, urubura n’ibihe by’ihinga. Mu magambo yoroshye, imihindagurikire y’ikirere isobanura uguhinduka kw’igihe kirekire kw’imiterere y’ibihe n’ikirere.
Bivuze iki igihe kizaza hakomeje kuba imihindagurikire?
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe izahindura uburyo bw’imibereho yacu ya buri munsi, itume haba ibura ry’amazi no kubona ibiryo ku bantu n’inyamaswa bigorana cyane.
Uturere tumwe na tumwe dushobora gushyuha cyane ku buryo bukabije, na ho utundi tukaba tudashobora guturwa kubera amazi y’inyanja yazamutse hakabaho imyuzure ikabije.
Ibihe by’ikirere bikabije, nk’ubushyuhe ndetse n’imvura nyinshi itera imyuzure bizagenda biba byinshi kandi ku buryo bukomeye, byangiza ubuzima n’imibereho by’abantu, cyane cyane bo mu bihugu bikennye, badashoboye guhangana n’ubwo buzima; bazahangayika cyane.
Urubura rwo mu mpera z’Isi hamwe n’urubura rwo mu misozi y’ahantu hakonje birashonga kandi vuba vuba, ndetse no ku nkombe z’inyanja hashobora kwibasirwa n’imyuzure yaterwa n’izamuka ry’amazi y’inyanja.
Ubuzima bw’inyamaswa n’ibimera bishobora kujya mu kagaga kubera ubwiyongere bw’inkongi, ziterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Amoko amwe y’inyamanswa ashobora kwimukira ahantu hashya hatandukanye, bikaba byatera gukendera kwayo. Twafata urugero nk’Amadubu aba mumpera z’isi, afite ibyago byo kuzimira mu gihe urubura rwaho rwashonga.
Ni iki gitera ihindagurika ry’ikirere?
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere iterwa cyane cyane, mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa buziguye, n’impamvu kamere hamwe n’ibikorwa bya muntu bituma haba kwikusanya kw’imyuka ihumanya (GHGs) mu kirere.
Impamvu kamere hamwe n’ibikorwa bya muntu birimo inganda, gutsemba amashyamba, kwangiza ibidukikije bikomye (ibishanga, inyanja, ibiyaga, inyamanswa n’ibimera byo mu mashyamba), ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, gutwara abantu n’ibintu, ibikorwa bibyara ingufu, imicungire itanoze y’ibisigazwa n’imyanda, imiturire yo mu mujyi, imyubakire, n’imihindukire y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.
Kwiyongera kw’ibyuka bihumanya bituma ikirere cyacu kirushaho kubika ubushyuhe bw’izuba, bityo ku isi ubushyuhe bukiyongera. Ibi bibyara icyo bita ukwiyongera k’ubushyuhe ku Isi muri rusange. Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera ni ko imiterere y’ikirere irushaho kuba mibi.
Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buhinzi zijyana n’ubushyuhe buri hasi cyangwa hejuru y’ubukwiye cyangwa ubusanzwe, ukubusana kw’ibihe by’ihinga, amapfa, imvura zirimo inkubi z’imiyaga n’imyuzure hamwe n’izindi ngorane zituruka ku bukonje bukabije no ku miyaga.
Kurwanya no gukumira ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’ihindagurikire y’ikirere aribwo kugabanya no gukumira. Ibyo twabonye byose bigira uruhare mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere hiyongereyeho inyigisho nyinshi zigomba gutangwa zigafasha guhindura imyumvire n’imyitwarirre mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Kwirindaguhumanya ibidukikije birimo cyane cyane Amazi, Ubutaka n’Ikirere. Hakwiye gushyirwaho uburyo bunoze bwo gukusanya imyanda neza ituruka mu ngo, ahacururizwa ibiribwa imyanda ituruka mu nganda n’ahandi.
Kugira imyumvire yo kwita ku bidukikije abantu baharanira kuba intangarugero abandi bakakureberaho, nk’igihe uhuye n’ibintu bihumanya (Imyanda) nko kubona amasashi cyangwa uducupa tw’amazi tunyanyagiye, ukabifata ukabishyira ahabugenewe (poubelle.
Hitamo gukora siporo, hitamo ibikoresho (ibyuma) bitangiza; irinde akamenyero ko gukoresha buri kanya ibikoresho bya electronique. Abantu bakwiye guhitamo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya ritangiza ibidukikije. Hitamo ibikoresho bikoreshwa kenshi cyangwa se byongera kubyazwa ibindi (Recyclage/Recycling). Ibi byose bigasigasirwa no gufata amazi y’imvura ndetse no kwiyemeza kuba umwe mu baharanira uburenganzira bw’ibidukikije.
Nkubiri B. Robert
