Gukuramo inda mu Rwanda ni kimwe mu bintu bigifatwa nk’amahano, bitewe n’imyumvire ya bamwe ishingira ku muco no kuri bamwe mu banyamadini bigisha abayoboke babo bayobowe n’ibyanditswe. Ibi biba imbogamizi ku bagore n’abakobwa bakenera gukuramo inda, bityo ababyara bitateganyijwe cyangwa abazikuramo mu buryo bubi bakarushaho kwiyongera n’izindi ngaruka zirimo n’urupfu.

Bamwe mu bangavu babyariye iwabo, bavuga ko kuba batarigeze basobanukirwa iby’iri tegeko ryo gukuramo inda, byatumye batakaza amahirwe bari bafite arimo kwiga, kurera kandi na bo bagikeneye kurerwa.

Tuyisenge Elysee wo mu murenge wa Shyorongi, avuga ko yatewe inda afite imyaka 16 y’amavuko, agatekereza kuyikuramo ariko akumva ko azafungwa, kandi ko bishobora no kumukururira urupfu.

Agira ati “Iyo nza kumenya ko hari itegeko ribinyemerera, nari kuyikuramo kuko kurera biramvuna, kandi nanjye ngikeneye kurerwa. Kubyara byambujije amahirwe menshi, ariko ntekereza ko iyo nza gufashwa kuyikuramo byari kumfasha kugera ku nzozi zanjye .

Habamugisha Jean Damascene avuga ko iri tegeko rimenyekanye hari abo byafasha bikanarinda, bajya kubikora rwihishwa bakahasiga ubuzima, nk’uko mushiki we byamugendekeye.

Agira ati “Mushiki wanjye yahohotewe n’umuturanyi wacu, aza gushuka ababyeyi bacu ngo bayikuremo barabyemera, aramutwara bajya kuyimukuriramo ngo mu Kinyarwanda, byaje kumugiraho ingaruka arava cyane anabora mu nda! Nyamara ya nda ntiyavamo, bimara igihe tukizezwa ko bizakunda, nyuma twaje kujya kwa muganga ariko arembye, birangira apfuy; Iyo tuza kumenya ko byemewe yari kujya kwa muganga kare, atarinze kubabara gutyo cyangwa ngo anapfe, byabaduhungabanyije nk’umuryango cyane njyewe.”

Amavuriro menshi ni ay’Abihayimana

Ubushakashatsi kandi bwerekana ko imyumvire ikiri ikibazo ku mitangire ya servisi zo gukuramo inda, ku mpande zose harimo amadini, abaganga ndetse n’ababyeyi.

Abaganga bemeza ko bikigoranye ku mpande zose ariko icyo baharanira ari uko abana b’abakobwa ndetse n’ababyeyi batakomeza kubapfira mu maboko, kubera gukuramo inda mu buryo bubi. Hamwe n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, bakaba basaba kubafasha, mu guhindura imyumvire kuko ari kimwe mu bibabangamira iyo serivisi.

Aha ni ho bahera bafata iya mbere mu kurengera ubuzima bw’umugore n’umukobwa, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwemewe bwo gukuramo inda.

Isabelle Nishimwe, ni umubyaza mu Kigo nderabuzima cya Gataraga, mu murenge wa Busogo, Akarere ka Musanze. Ati “Turacyafite ikibazo cy’imyumvire ikiri hasi bitewe n’amadini aho  ushobora gufasha umugore cyangwa umukobwa gukuriramo inda abishaka kandi abyemerewe n’amategeko ugasanga abo mukorana bitewe n’imyemerere yabo bakagukwena ndetse bakakunenga batitaye mu kurokora ubuzima bw’ uwari mu kaga.”

Nishimwe akomeza avuga ko bafite n’imbogamizi aho usanga hari abagore baza gusaba servisi yo gukurirwamo inda kandi batabyemerewe n’amategeko, batazibaha bakajya kuzikuramo mu bundi buryo bakagaruka bagize ibibazo bikomeye nabyo bigatera ibibazo cyane cyane nk’abasamye inda bari  ku buryo bwo kuboneza urubyaro.

Dr. Blaise Dushimiyimana, Umuganga w’inzobere mu buzima bw’umubyeyi mu bitaro bya Ruhengeri,Agira ati” umwana w’ abyaye imburagihe atereranywa n’umuryango we, agata ishuri akabura n’ayandi mahirwe menshi, bityo akaba umutwaro kuri sosiyete, kandi ni inzobere mubuzima zigaragaza ko n’umubiriwe uba utaritegura kubyara rero twebwe dutanga serivise bikurikije n’ ubumenyi dufite ariko tutiyibagije ko mu Rwanda gukuramo inda bitemewe keretse ku za mpamvu 5 zizwi.

Akomeza agaragaza zimwe mu mbogamizi bahura nzo, Agira ati ”Hari abantu batugana bavuye gukuramo inda mu buryo bubi ,byangiza ubuzima bwabo niyo mpamvu dusaba Leta kororehereza abo bantu binyuze mu biganiro hagati  ya Leta n’ abagenerwabikora (abagore , abakobwa bifuza gukuramo inda mu buryo bwemewe kwa muganga).”

Mukamusana Marceline ni umubyeyi nawe avuga ko baterwa ikibazo nuko akenshi usanga batabona serivise hose kubera ko hari ibitaro biba bishamikiye ku madini abaganga baho bakagucunaguza bikaba byarangira ufashe umwanzuro wo kubireka cyangwa kubikora mu buryo bwawe aribwo usanga bwagize ingaruka.

Ati “Murabizi ko amavuriro yacu amenshi ni ay’abakirisitu n’abihaye Imana.  Izo serivisi zo gukuramo inda ntabwo bazitanga.  Iyo n’imbogamizi, indi ni uko iritego risa nkaho ritamenyekana hose aricyo gituma hakigaragara ababikora bwihishwa. Ikindi usanga n’ ibitaro birikure y’abakeneye iyo serivisi, nyamara bishyizwe mu bigo nderabuzima byafasha kuko usanga ari byo byegereye abaturage. Ni yo mpamvu dusaba leta y’u Rwanda ko yakorohereza abana n’abangavu n’abadamu  bakeneye  iyo serivisi.”

Icyo abanyamadini babivugaho

Bamwe mu banyamadini bavuga ko batemera ingingo yo gukuramo inda  kuko ngo babifata nk’icyaha, ari yo mpamvu hari Ibitaro  bishamikiye ku madini bidatanga  iyo serivisi batitaye uko yaba yasamye kose.

Kanyamahanga Jean Damascene, Pasiteri muri ADEPR akaba  n’umuyobozi mu kigo nderabuzima cya Kera mu murenge wa Jenda mu karere ka Nyabihu, avuga ko we ku giti cye ndetse nk’umuvugabutumwa, gukuramo inda  atabyemera, abifata  nk’ icyaha.

Yagize ati: “Impamvu yatumye atwita byatuma abyara kandi agakomeza kubaho rero kuvutsa icyo Imana yateguye njye mbona ari icyaha kuko niba yanafashwe ku  ngufu cyangwa se yatewe inda muri ubwo buryo ntabwo Imana yari  iri kure yarebaga ibizaba. Twebwe ntitwakangurira abakobwa cyangwa abagore  gukuramo inda mu gihe yayisamye  cyangwa kuboneza urubyaro byose ari icyaha imbere yi Imana”.

Sheikh Sindayigaya Musa, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Igenamigambi mu Muryango w’Abayisilamu mu Rwanda avuga ko muri Isilamu  gukuramo inda batabyemera babifata nk’icyaha gikomeye . Gusa ngo ibi bishobora kwemerwa mu gihe ari  amaburakindi.

Agira ati”mu muco nyarwanda bidakwiye ko abana basambanywa gusambanya umwana ubwabyo ni amahano, uwabikoze akwiye kujya ahanwa by’intangarugero ”.

Imiryango itari iya leta igaragaza icyuho mu mitangire y’iyo serivisi

Mu gihe ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu Rwanda abagore 12% aribo bapfa bakuramo inda mu buryo bubi, Umuryango utari uwa Leta Great Lakes Innitiave for Human Rights & Development (GLIHD) usanga hari icyuho mu itegeko rivuga ko inda igomba gukorwamo na muganga wenyine.

Me Mulisa Tom Umuyobozi wa GLIHD yavuze ko kuba mu Rwanda hakiri ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’abaganga, ubwabyo ari icyuho gikomeye niyo mpamvu itegeko ryakagombye kuvugururwa kugira ngo ribe ryakwemera ko n’abandi bagore babyifuza, kubera impamvu z’ubuzima bwo mutwe ndetse n’ubukene, babyemererwa..

Agira ati “Mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abagore n’abakobwa bapfa bagerageza gukuramo inda mu buryo bubi kandi bibagiraho ingaruka, byakagombye gukorwa n’abaforomo n’ababyaza babifitiye ubushobozi; bikaba byakorerwa mu bigo nderabuzima kuko babifitiye ubumenyi ndetse niba hari icyo bakeneye mu bumenyi bwo gukoramo inda bakaba bahabwa amahugurwa.”

Me Murisaa akomeza ko Minisiteri ifite ubuzima mu nshingano yahabwa ububasha bwo kwemerera abaforomo n’ababyaza bahuguwe, kuba bakuramo inda mu buryo bwemewe n’abategeko bitagombye kuba umwihariko wa muganga we nyine.

Agira ati “Twebwe nka Sosiyete sivile, impamvu twifuza ko iri tegeko rivugururwa, ni uko abaganga ari bake kandi abaforomo n’ababyaza begereye abaturage mu bigo nderabuzima hirya no hino.”

Icyo Minisiteri y’ubuzima ibivugaho

Umuyobozi w’agashami gashinzwe Porogaramu z’ubuzima bw’Umubyeyi n’Umwana mu mavuriro Francoir Regis Cyiza ( Director of Health Facilities Programs Unit) avuga ko uwatwaye inda bamufashe ku ngufu, cyangwa mu gihe imibonano mpuzabitsina yakozwe batabyumvikanyeho uwo muntu yemerewe guhabwa serivisi yo gukuramo Inda nta bindi bimenyetso bisabwa apfa kuba yumva atabeshya, kuko iyo bigaragaye nyuma ko yabeshye niwe ubihanirwa muganga we ntacyo aryozwa niyo mpamvu dusaba abantu kutikuriramo inda ahubwo bajya bagana kuganga akabafasha mu gihe babyemerewe.

Agira ati” Icyo Kibazo kirahari, ndetse n’abahitanwa no kuzikuramo mu buryo bwa magendu barahari. Ariko dukomeza kwigisha abantu  kugana serivisi zibarinda gusama inda batateganije kuko zabegerejwe kugera ku rwego rw’Ikigo nderabuzima ndetse n’abajyanama b’Ubuzima bashobora kubafasha kuzibona cyangwa bakamenyesha aho bazikura”.

Akomeza avuga ko hari ubukangurambaga butandukanye bukorwa mu gusobanura ingingo y’itegeko yerekana abemerewe gukuramo Inda, kugira abaturage barimenye. Ariko kandi turigukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye hashakwa uburyo kwigisha abaturage ibijyanye niri tegeko birushaho kwegera abatuge

Dr. Cyiza agira ati” Iki ni kimwe mu mbogamizi zakuweho mu ivugurura ryakozwe muri 2018 kuri zimwe mu ngingo zitegeko rijyanye nibyo gukuramo Inda. Hizerwa ibyo ushaka serivisi avuze, ntanshingano muganga afite zo kubaza ibyo bimenyetso kuko usaba iyo serivisi hari inyandiko yisinyira ahamya ko atabeshye ndetse ko nibizagaragara ko yabeshye bikozwe n’izindi nzego zitandukanye, uwo wasabye serivisi abeshye niwe uzabihanirwa”.

Akomeza avuga ko kugukuramo Inda, bitangirizwa kwa muganga bamwe bakavayo birangiye abandi muganga abona babishaka kandi babishobora nyuma yo guhabwa umuti bashobora guhabwa amakuru yose yangombwa mukwikurikiranisha kugira n’igihe bagize ikibazo kidasanzwe bahamagare umuganga cyangwa bagaruke kwa muganga kugira babasuzume cyangwa babahe ubundi bufasha kandi icyo gihe abashaka iyo serivisi bajya kuzishakira mu bindi bitaro bitanga izo serivisi.

Ni bande bemerewe gukuramo inda mu Rwanda ndetse nuko itegeko ribigaragaza

Icya mbere itegeko ry’u Rwanda ntiryemera gukuramo inda.Keretse Biriya byiciro bivugwa mu itegeko. Ariko hari abemerewe kuyikuramo bigendeye ku ri biriya bika bitanu, iyo yabafashwe ku ngufu, abashingiwe ku ngufu, inda zemejwe na muganga ko zishobora kubangamira buzima bwa nyir’ubwite, uwatewe inda uwo bafitanye isano kugeza ku gisanira cya kabiri, umwana wo munsi y’imyaka 18 y’amavuko, kandi inda ikurwamo ntiyakagombye kurenza ibyumweru 12 bingana n’amezi 3.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana iki?

Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ita ku buzima ku isi (WHO) ugaragaza ko ku isi yose buri mwaka miliyoni 73 z’abagore zikuramo inda kubushake naho 61% z’abagore batwise inda batifuza, hamwe na 29% z’abatwite bose birangira bazikuyemo.

Ubushakashatsi bwa OMS ifatanyije na Guttmacher buherutse gusohoka mu kinyamakuru Lancet bugaragaza 97% y’inda zikurwamo nabi zigaragara mu duce twa Afurika, Asia ndetse na Amerika y’Amajyepfo.

Imibare ya Minisiteri y’ubuzima yo mu 2022, yerekana ko abagore bagera kuri 47% mu Rwanda aribo batwita inda batifuza naho 22% muri bo birangira bazikuyemo mu buryo bubi.

Munezero Jeanne d’Arc