By Rene Anthere Rwanyange
Mining workers have appealed for improved workplace safety and health amid Rwanda’s drive to harness its mineral wealth.
Among the safety concerns frequently identified in Rwanda—many of which endanger the lives of miners—are mining accidents, a significant number of which have resulted in fatalities. Severe accidents are particularly prevalent in the Northern Province.
The Rwanda National Police spokesperson in the province, SP Jean Bosco Mwiseneza, recently issued a stern warning to those involved in illegal mining activities, stating that the Police will not allow them to go unpunished.
He said, “We advise the public to avoid such activities, as they constitute a punishable offence. They lead to consequences including mine accidents, some of which have caused deaths, injuries, and permanent disabilities.”
In recent years, Rwanda has taken strong measures to regulate and develop the mining sector to ensure compliance with environmental, security, and investment standards.
The government has prioritised legal mining by establishing strict laws to curb illegal activities and encourage licensed miners to adhere to regulations.
These efforts aim to promote sustainable mining that contributes to the national economy while safeguarding the welfare of the population. However, some mining firms have failed to comply with legal requirements and agreements, prompting regulatory authorities to impose stringent measures.
Another major issue facing mining workers is inadequate wages, delayed payments, and the lack of employment contracts and insurance.
Engineer Andre Mutsindashyaka, Secretary General of the Rwanda Extractive Industry Workers Union (REWU), said that only 34% of workers at mining sites currently have permanent contracts, following years of advocacy.
He added that mining-related accidents have decreased significantly, thanks to the provision of protective equipment to all mine workers, which aims to safeguard their health and assist in managing workplace incidents.
He said, “The total number of workers is over 801, some of whom are university graduates, while others have received on-the-job training. Most of them are local residents employed at mines extracting precious minerals located in Rwanda’s mountainous regions. These 701 workers have gained skills on the job, particularly through training provided by international mining experts and the Rwanda TVET Board (RTB), equipping them with substantial expertise.”
Engineer Mutsindashyaka noted that, to date, around 2,700 workers have been trained in blasting and other essential mining skills through collaboration with the Rwanda Mining Board (RMB), the Ministry of Public Service and Labour (MIFOTRA), the RTB, and the Rwanda Mining Association (RMA).
Proportion of women in mining to reach 24%
According to Mutsindashyaka, the proportion of women working in Rwanda’s mining sector stood at 11.4% in 2023 and is projected to reach 24% by 2025.
To support mothers employed in mining, REWU and its partners have established Early Childhood Development centers (ECDs) at each mining site.
These allow mothers to continue working without leaving their jobs to breastfeed their children, enabling them to work in conditions similar to other government employees.
Mutsindashyaka said that while laws are crucial, it is even more important to ensure that the population truly benefits from the mining sector. He advocated for improved infrastructure in mining areas to ensure local communities benefit without disrupting their lives.
Other employee benefits
In partnership with REWU, mining workers earn between Rwf 1,500 and Rwf 4,000 per day. They are also compensated based on the quantity of minerals they extract, with payment linked to production levels.
He added, “REWU represents over 22,000 permanent workers who are legally protected under Rwandan mining regulations. Among them, 5,300 have formal employment contracts and are paid through their bank accounts.”
Mutsindashyaka reiterated REWU’s commitment to promoting responsible mining, environmental protection, and the fight against illegal mining. He also expressed gratitude to partners such as the Government of Rwanda, UNICEF, the EU, UN Women, PACT Rwanda and others for their ongoing collaboration.
He urged miners to carry out their work in an environmentally conscious manner, stating: “Mining should not be separated from environmental protection. Given the country’s challenges with erosion, it is essential to monitor and restore all areas that show signs of degradation.”
New Mining law and the future of mining in Rwanda
Tristan Minyati, Senior Advisor and Head of Legal Compliance at Trinity Metals, commented on the evolving legal framework:
“Rwanda has significant mineral resources. To benefit effectively, we must establish robust laws and strategies to manage mining technology. This fosters professional operations, curbs illegal mining, and builds investor confidence.”
Mining plays a critical role in Rwanda’s economic development. In 2023, the sector generated $1.1 billion in revenue, up from $772 million in 2022. This growth highlights the increasing global demand for minerals and their importance to Rwanda’s economy.
On 24 July 2024, the new Law No. 072/2024 of 26 June 2024 came into effect. This legislation addresses gaps in the 2018 law, particularly those related to penalties for illegal mining.
While the law is expected to significantly enhance the mining sector, the Rwanda Mines, Gas, and Petroleum Board (RMB) will be responsible for implementing an effective monitoring system. The government has made notable progress in combating illegal mining and mineral trafficking, but further success depends on raising awareness among miners, traders, and stakeholders about the new law and their responsibilities.
This law represents a major step forward in promoting responsible mining practices. Internationally, it positions Rwanda as a country committed to sustainable mineral exploitation and economic development.
