Sosiyete Sivile irifuza ko inkunga igenerwa amakoperative y’urubyiruko yakwiyongera

Kudatinyuka kwinjira mu makoperative asanzwe akora, Amategeko yatumaga badakora koperative zabo bonyine, abakuze batinya kwinjiza urubyiruko mu makoperative yabo ndetse no kutagira igishoro ni bimwe mu mbogamizi ku rubyiruko mu kwinjira cyangwa gushinga amakoperative.

Imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe amakoperative (RCA: Rwanda Cooperative Agency) rugaragaza ko mu mwaka 2021, mu Rwanda hari amakoperative 10,619 abarurwamo Imirenge SACCO 437, ariko kandi muri yo ay’urubyiruko gusa yari 540, angana na 5.08 ku ijana. Muri rusange ayo makoperative yose yarimo abanyamuryango basaga miliyoni eshanu.

Koperative zigira uruhare runini mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Gahunda ya Guverinoma yo guhanga imirimo nibura ibihumbi 200 buri mwaka ariko idashingiye ku buhinzi. Ibi bifasha mu kugabanya ubushomeri mu rubyiruko. Koperative kandi zigira uruhare mu kurwanya ubukene ndetse zikanazamura imibereho myiza y’abanyamuryango

Gufasha abanyamuryango kugira umuco wo kwizigamira bakorana n’amabanki, kwaka inguzanyo no kumenya kuzikoresha neza. Zifasha abanyamuryango kubona inyongeramusaruro ndetse no kongera umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi

Gufasha abanyamuryango kwishyura ubwishingizi mu kwivuza, ubwishingizi bw’amatungo n’imyaka ndetse no kubongerera ubumenyi ku miyoborere n’imicungire y’amakoperative.

Sosiyete sivile igaragaza ko n’ubwo Koperative zigira uruhare mu guhindura imibereho n’imyumvire y’abaturage ariko zigifite imbogamizi zirimo:

• Abanyamuryango ubwabo batibona ko koperative ziri mu biganza byabo kandi aribo bagomba kwifatira ibyemezo;
• Ubushobozi buke mu miyobore n’imicungire y’amakoperative, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ndetse no kugendana n’aho ibihe bigeze ngo bashobore gucunga neza Koperative zabo;
• Igishoro gito ku makoperative amwe n’amwe;
• Urubyiruko rudakunze kwitabira Koperative z’ubuhinzi nk’iz’icyayi, ikawa n’izindi;
• Kugongana kw’abanyamigabanye n’abafatanyabikorwa mu micungire ya Koperative;
• Imikoranire itanoze hagati yak operative n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze;
• Abanyereza imitungo yak operative ntibakurikiranwe mu butabera;
• Inguzanyo zitangwa n’ibigo by’imari kuri bamwe mu bayobozi ba koperative zidafite ibisobanuro iyo bambuye kwishyura bikagora koperative;
• Inguzanyo zitajyanye n’ibyifuzo by’amakoperative ku buryo izo bahabwa usanga rimwe na rimwe zidakemura ibibazo bihari;
• Ubuyobozi bw’amakoperative budakorera mu mucyo ndetse n’ubugenzuzi budahagije kandi butimimbitse ku mikorere y’amakoperative.

Urubyiruko n’amakoperative

 Muri bamwe mu bayobozi b’amakoperative yaba ay’urubyiruko cyangwa ay’abakuze ndetse n’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta bwaganiriye n’Ikinyamakuru Panorama, bagaragaza impamvu urubyiruko rutisanga cyane mu makoperative y’abakuze. Ikindi bongeraho ni uko mbere Itegeko ryangengaga amakoperative ryarimo inzitizi zitemerera urubyiruko gukora Koperative zabo zihariye.

Niyomugabo Cassien ni umuyobozi wa Koperative Icyerekezo, ikorera mu murenge wa Kibilizi mu karere ka Nyamagabe. Iyi koperative ikora ibikorwa byo Kuzigama no Kugurizanya. Avuga ko batangiye Koperative ari abanyamuryango 25 barimo abakobwa 15, batangira bakora ikimina nyuma kiza kuvukamo Koperative. Ubu bafite abanyamuryango 20 barimo abakobwa 10, abandi bagiye bavamo kubera impamvu zinyuranye ziganjemo kwimuka aho bari basanzwe batuye ndetse no gushaka imibereho.

Uko kuvamo kw’abanyamuryango ni imwe mu mbogamizi koperative zikunze guhura na zo cyane cyane iz’urubyiruko. Agira ati “Muri koperative z’urubyiruko, cyane cyane izo mu cyaro, duhura n’ibibazo byo kubura igishoro n’amikoro, kuko usanga urubyiruko rufite ubumenyi ariko amikoro akaba imbogamizi. Hari kandi ikibazo cy’imyumvire.”

Niyomugabo akomeza avuga ko Koperative nyinshi z’urubyiruko zihomba kubera kudakora ibyo bateganyije, ibyo kandi bigaca intege abandi. Ikindi ni uko abakuze badakunda kwakira urubyiruko mu makoperative yabo, ariko nanone urubyiruko rutinya amakoperative y’abakuze kuko aba yarageze ku mari batapfa kwigondera.

Ati “Ikiruta ibyo ni uko urubyiruko rukwiye kongererwa ubushobozi ku kwihangira imishinga, kandi na bo ubwabo bagatinyuka ndetse bakigirira n’icyizere.”

Murorunkwere Selaphine ni Umunyamabanga wa Koperative y’abafite ubumuga ikorera mu mujyi wa Huye mu karere ka Huye, bacuruza ibikoresho byo mu biro bakanafasha abakeneye kwndikisha inyandiko zinyuranye.

Avuga ko urubyiruko rudatinyuka gusaba imigabane muri koperetaive z’abakuze, cyane cyane ko uhereye ku yabo, abana batazamo ahubwo usanga ababyeyi babo aribo baba bafite ubushake. Ikindi yongeraho ni uko iyo imigabane imaze kuzamuka abenshi batinya kwinjiramo.

Hari aho amategeko yari yabaye imbogamizi

Mukunzi Celestin ni Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinwe ishoramari, umurimo n’iterambere mu karere ka Nyamagabe ari na we ufite iterambere ry’amakoperative mu nshingano ze. Avuga ko mu makoperative 185 akorera mu karere ka Nyamagabe, 27 ari yo agizwe n’urubyiruko gusa.

Mukunzi avuga ko Itegeko ryo 2007 ritemeraga koperative zishingiye ku byiciro byihariye birimo n’urubyiruko, bikaba byarabaye inzitizi ko haboneka koperative zabo bonyine ariko aho rivugururiwe mu 2021 ari bwo urubyiruko rwatangiye gukangukira kwinjira mu makoperative.

Avuga ko hakiri ikibazo kandi gishingiye ku myumvire. Agira ati “Haracyarimo ikibazo gishingiye ku bumenyi, abakuze kubera ko batajijutse batinya kwinjiza urubyiruko rwize mu makoperative yabo, bigatuma bashyiraho amananiza. Indi mbogamizi ni uko urubyiruko rurangije amashuri rutaguma hamwe ahubwo baba bashakisha imirimo hirya no hino…”

Yongera ho ko baha urubyiruko amahugurwa nyongerabumenyi kuko mu myaka itatu hamaze guhugurwa abasaga 200.

Asaba ko hakwiye gutekerezwa uburyo ingengo y’imari y’akarere igenewe gutera inkunga imishinga y’urubyiruko yakongerwa kuko nk’Akarere ka Nyamagabe by’umwihariko gateganya nibura amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni enye, akaba ari make ku buryo nta kinini kinini afasha ugereranyije na koperative z’urubyiruko ziri muri ako karere.

Imboni ya Sosiyete Sivile

Ingingo yo kongera ingengo y’imari ya Leta igenewe gutera inkunga urubyiruko na none kandi igarukwaho na Sosiyete Sivile, kuko basanga inzitizi urubyiruko rugihura na zo zishingiye ku bumenyi ndetse n’igishoro. Byatera imbaraga gahunda ya Leta yo guhanga imirimo ndetse no gutanga akazi ku rubyiruko.

Kabeza Angelique, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Ihuriro ry’imiryango nyarwanda ya Sosiyete Sivile (RCSP: Rwanda Civil Society Platform) avuga ko bagendeye ku bushakshatsi bwakozwe mu karere ka Nyamagabe mu ntara y’Amajyepfo, ku birebana n’imikorere y’amakoperative, bagaragaje ibikwiye kudasigara muri Polritiki y’amakoperative. Ibyagaragaye bishingiye ku miyoborere, imari n’imicungire y’umutungo ndetse no kuba abenshi batarize, ubukangurambaga ku mategeko, politiki n’amabwiriza bigenga amakoperative ndetse n’ubumenyi ku ikoranabuhanga.

RCSP igaragaza ko Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere amakoperative (RCA: Rwanda Cooperative Agency) gikwiye gufata ingamba zikomeye zo guhangana n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’imicungire mibi y’umutungo w’amakoperative, hagashyirwaho uburyo buhoraho bw’igenzuramutungo no gukumira inyerezwa ryawo, cyane cyane mu makoperative afite umutungo utubutse.

Mu rwego guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza, RCS isabwa uburyo bwo guhugura abagize ubuyobozi bw’amakoperative ndetse n’abanyamuryango, ku bijyanye n’imiyoboprere hagamijwe kwirinda no gukumira ibihombo ndetse n’amakimbirane bikunze kugaragara mu miyoborere y’amakoperative. Ibyo bigakorwa guhera ku rwego rw’uturere.

RCS kandi isabwa gukora ubugenzuzi buhoraho ku bijyanye n’imari n’umutungo w’amakoperative, nibura rimwe mu gihembwe mu rwego rwo gukumira imicungire mibi y’umutungo.

Sosiyete Sivile isaba Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, binyuze muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda, gushyiraho ikigega cyihariye kigamije gutera inkunga amakoperative, hagamijwe kongerera imbaraga urubyiruko kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu/

Gusonera imisoro imwe n’imwe amakoperative akora ubucuruzi hagamijwe kuyashyigikira mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’imari’

Sosiyete Sivile igaragaza ko n’Itegeko rigenga imitangire y’amasoko mu Rwanda rikwiye kuvugururwa, kugira ngo uturere dushobore kwiyambaza amakoperative mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga imwe n’imwe Koperative zifitiye ubushobozi bitagombye kunyura mu masoko afunguye.

RCA n’uturere bakwiye gutegura amahugurwa nyongerabumenyi/bushobozi ku bayobozi b’amakoperative ndetse n’abanyamuryango, hagamijwe kurushaho kubajijura ku birebana n’imikorere y’amakoperative ndetse n’imicungire y’imari.

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kumenyekanisha Politiki, amategeko n’amabwiriza bigenga amakoperative, hakwiye gukoreshwa uburyo bwose bw’itumanaho kugira ngo ubumenyi bugere kuri benshi.

Sosiyete Sivile isaba kandi ko hakwiye ubufatanye hagati ya Minisiteri y’Ikotanabuhanga na Inovasiyo (MINICT), RSA na RCA, hagakorwa inyigo igamije kureba ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga mu makoperative, hakagaragazwa imbogamizi n’ingamba zikwiye kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rigezwe mu makoperative yose.

Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare (NISR) mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage mu 2022, kigaragaza ko mu Rwanda habarurwa amakoperative asaga 10,000 muri yo ay’urubyiruko gusa asaga 540.

Rene Anthere Rwanyange