Bakoresha, Bakozi bagenzi banjye, bafatanyabikorwa,
Tubanje kubifuriza Umunsi Mukuru mwiza w’Umurimo tunibukiranya ko Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Umurimo wizihizwa ku isi hose tariki ya 01 Gicurasi ya buri mwaka, aho Leta, Abakoresha n’Abakozi bahura bagasuzumira hamwe intambwe imaze guterwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umurimo n’uburenganzira bw’abakozi, bakareba ibibazo byagaragaye mu bihe bishize, bigashakirwa umuti ukwiriye kugira ngo umurimo urusheho kunozwa no gutezwa imbere.
Ni umunsi utwibutsa uburyo abakozi baharaniye uburenganzira bwabo ndetse bamwe bakahasiga ubuzima, n’abandi bagikomeza kuzira kuvuganira bagenzi babo, guhohoterwa ndetse bamwe bakanirukanwa mu kazi hirengagijwe amategeko, ariko dufite icyizere ko hamwe n’intego yacu nziza yo kubakira ku biganiro n’ubufatanye hagendewe cyane cyane ku ndangagaciro nyarwanda, ejo hacu hazaba heza cyane.
Uyu munsi uje mu bihe bitoroshye, aho Icyorezo cya COVID-19 gikomeje kwibasira ibihugu byinshi n’icyacu kirimo, kikanagira ingaruka ku buzima busanzwe, kuko gituma ibikorwa byinshi bihagarikwa mu kugerageza gukumira ikwirakwikazwa ryacyo, bityo kinazahaza ubukungu.
Birumvikana ko uyu munsi Mukuru w’Umurimo utakwizihizwa uko bikwiye bitewe n’ibi bihe bitoroshye turimo, ku rwego rw’isi, hafashwe insanganyamatsiko igira iti: Umurimo, umusaruro n’ibihembo, imibereho myiza (Jobs, Income, Social protection).
Ibi mu gihe hagaragaye ku isi hose iki cyorezo cya COVID 19 cyateye ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu, ku buzima bw’abatuye isi ndetse no ku mibereho ya benshi, ibi bikongera guhungabanya umurimo no gutakaza umushahara n’ibihembo ku bakozi benshi.
Goverinoma yacu yakoze ibikwiye hagamijwe gukumira ikwirakwizwa rya COVID – 19 mu Rwanda, birimo gufunga ibikorwa byose bihuriramo abantu benshi hasigara gusa ibikorwa bya ngombwa (essential services), abantu bakaguma mu rugo, hagakorwa ingendo za ngombwa gusa ku buryo byatanze umusaruro n’icyizere cyinshi ku igabanuka ry’ikwirakwiza rya COVID 19.
Twongeye gushimangira ko dushyigikiye Leta yacu kuri ibyo byemezo n’uburyo bwashyizweho bwo gukurikirana ababishinzwe muri uru rugamba.
Tuboneyeho n’umwanya wo gushima byimazeyo umurimo, ubwitange n’ubutwari bikomeje kuranga abakozi bo muri serivisi z’ubuzima mu bikorwa byo gupima no kwita ku bamaze kwandura no kurinda abatarandura icyo cyorezo, n’abandi bakozi bakomeje gukora mu bihe bigoye bagatanga serivise za ngombwa kugirango ubuzima bw’igihugu n’abaturage bukomeze kugenda neza.
Ku buryo bw’umwihariko muri serivisi z’ubuzima, turasaba ko amahugurwa yihariye arebana no guhangana na COVID 19 yagera kuri benshi kugirango isimburana mu kazi rworohe, ari nako hongerwa ibikoresho kabuhariwe by’ubwirinzi kugirango ubuzima bwabo butajya mu kaga cyane ko aribo bari imbere (Frontline workers) mu guhangana n’icyorezo cya Koronavirusi.
Kubera gahunda ya guma mu rugo no kugabanya ingendo zitari ngombwa, byinshi byarakozwe mu gushaka uko abakozi bakoroherezwa gukomeza gukora bari mu rugo bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga, ndetse n’izindi ngamba zafashwe zo gutanga serivisi, guherekanya amafaranga, gufasha abanyeshuri gukomeza gukurikira amasomo bari mu rugo, n’ibindi.
Ariko nta washidikanya ko mu bihe nk’ibi hari byinshi byangirika cyangwa bizangirika mu gihe kiri imbere, bisaba gufata iyambere no gutangira kubitekerezaho no kubikoraho hakiri kare ku buryo twazagabanya ubukana bw’ingaruka za COVID 19.
Bimwe mu bigaragara n’uko hari imirimo imwe n’imwe yahagaze, cyane mu bice birimo abakozi benshi bakora imirimo itanditse (Informal sector workers), bitewe n’imiterere y’imirimo yabo,babona ifunguro rya buri munsi bakoze cyane cyane mu migi. Aha tukaba dushima cyane igikorwa cyo gutanga ibiribwa n’ibindi bikoresho by’ibanze ku baturage badafite ubushobozi.
Nk’uko byagaragaye, ingaruka zageze no mu bigo by’ubukozi ari ibito, ibiciriritse n’ibinini, mu mashuri yigenga n’ahandi hose hakoreshwa abakozi bahembwa, ibyo bikaba byatumye bamwe mu bakoresha batangiye guhagarika by’abateganyo amasezerano y’akazi bari bafitanye n’abakozi, ahandi abakozi bashyirwa mu kiruhuko ku ngufu, abandi bakagabanyirizwa umushahara bitumvikanyweho; byose bitabanje kuganirwaho ngo byumvikanweho n’impande zombi, tukaba dufite impungenge ko ibi bikorwa bishobora kuzakomeza bikagera mu bigo byinshi kandi bikagira ingaruka nyinshi ku mpande zose
Ibi bikorwa byo guhagarika abakozi byongera umubare w’abagirwaho ingaruka cyane ko birimo gukorwa hatubahirijwe inzira ziteganywa n’amategeko agenga umurimo mu Rwanda.
Turasanga atari bwo buryo bw’ibanze bwari gukoreshwa kw’ikubitiro mu gihe gikomeye nk’iki turimo, ndetse icyakorwa cyose kizabe cyumvikanyewo hagati y’umukoresha nabo akoresha binyuze mu babahagarariye (Sendika n’intumwa z’abakozi). Hari ibyashoboka gukorwa mu bwumvikane harimo gushyira abakozi mu kiruhuko cyabo cy’umwaka, gukora basimburana n’ubundi buryo bwinshi bunyuranye hatihutiwe gusa guhagarika abakozi muri ibi bihe.
Twongeye gusaba ko iyo mikorere yahagarikwa, Minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo igashyiraho amabwiriza yihariye yazafasha abakoresha kugira umurongo bagenderaho muri ibi bihe bidasanzwe turimo, kugirango iri hagarikwa rw’abakozi ryatangiye rihagarare, abakozi barengerwe kandi hakumirwe ingaruka zose.
Bitewe n’imiterere ya Koronavirusi COVID 19, turasaba ko mu gihe ibigo bizaba byemerewe gukora hashyirwaho ingamba n’ibikoresho bihagije byo kurinda kwandura icyo icyorezo abakozi bazaba basubiye mu kazi.
Turasaba kandi ko gahunda izashyirwaho na Guverinoma yo gushaka ibisubizo ku ihungabanywa ry’ubukungu n’ubushoramari (socio-economic recovery) hazitabwaho kurengera no guteza imbere Umurimo cyane mu bashoramari n’abikorera batanga akazi kenshi. Ibyo bizatuma habaho gusaranganya ubukungu nk’uko ariyo gahunda y’igihugu cyacu kigenderaho. Hakwiriye kandi no kwimakazwa umuco w’ibiganiro rusange (Social Dialogue) hagati y’abakoresha n’abahagarariye abakozi (sendika n’intumwa z’abakozi) hagashakwa ingamba zinogeye inzego zose zirebwa n’iki kibazo.
Nubwo turi mu bihe bigoye, dufite ikizere ko uru rugamba tuzarutsinda, icyorezo tukagihashya, ubuzima busanzwe n’ihumure bikagaruka mu gihugu. Niyo mpamvu ku munsi nk’uyu tutabura kugaruka kuri bimwe twagaragaje umwaka ushize bitabonewe ibisubizo, tunashimira ibyagezweho.
Imishahara
Ku birebana n’imishahara, twongeye kwibutsa ko hakiri ikibazo, cyane mu bigo by’abikorera n’ibindi bigo bitari ibya Leta, aho hakiri imishahara itangwa mu buryo bw’akajagari n’ubusumbane bukabije bigatuma kenshi abakozi bakora muri ibyo bigo barengana.
Politiki cyangwa umurongo ngenderwaho (Guidelines) mu gutanga imishahara iramutse igiyeho byazatuma hagenwa imishahara ku buryo bunoze kandi bigendanye n’ibiciro biriho ku isoko ndetse hakirindwa ubusumbane bukabije, tukirinda no guha amahirwe atangana abashoramari (concurrence deloyale / competitiveness).
Ibi kandi biratugarura ku kibazo cy’umushahara fatizo (minimum living wages) gisa nk’icyananiranye. Kutawugira bikomeza kurushaho gutuma abakozi bakomeza guhembwa umushahara udahura n’ibiciro biriho ku isoko (coast of living), iki ni kimwe mubishobora kuzongera ibizaterwa n’ingaruka ku bukungu bishingiye ku cyorezo cya Covid 19.
Umushahara fatizo turawutegereje cyane kuko nicyo gipimo cy’umushahara urengera ubuzima bw’umukozi ndetse binashingirwaho habarwa ibindi byinshi bimugenerwa, mu bucuruzi, mu bwiteganyirize no mu bwishingizi.
Amategeko
Turashima ko amwe mu mateka ya Minisitiri ashyira mu bikorwa Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda N° 66/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 yasohotse hasigaye kuganirira hamwe n’inzego zose bireba ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo.
Turasaba ko andi mateka ya Minisitiri asigaye nayo yazasohoka vuba kugira ngo hakumirwe icyuho cyagaragara mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’itegeko ry’umurimo bigateza amakimbirane, twizera ko Minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo izakora ibishoboka mu kubyihutisha ku buryo azaba anogeye impande zose. Nk’uko bisanzwe twiteguye gufatanya igihe cyose bizakenerwa.
Amategeko agenga abakozi ba Leta n’abakora mu nzego z’ibanze agomba kuvugururwa agasobanuka neza, nabo bakazagira uburenganzira kimwe n’abandi bakozi bo mu bigo byigenga, hagasobanurwa uburyo bwo kujya muri sendika no gukora Imishyikirano Rusange.
Tuboneyeho umwanya wo kugaragaza impungenge nyinshi dufite zishingiye kugusezera mu kazi kw’abakozi benshi b’inzego z’ibanze kandi mu gihe gito cyane mu turere dutandukanye tw’igihugu, tukaba dusaba ko icyo kibazo cyakurikiranwa neza, amategeko akubahirizwa nk’uko bikorwa mu gihe cyo kubashyira mu myanya y’akazi.
Intambwe twari tumaze gutera mu mishyikirano hagati y’abahagariye abakozi n’abakoresha ntabwo igomba gusubira inyuma,turasaba Minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo gukomeza kugira uruhare no gufasha kwuzuza inshingano zo gukomeza kubiteza imbere hagati y’abakozi n’abakoresha.
Ingaruka ziterwa na COVID 19 ku kazi zigera ku bakozi benshi ariko zikibasira abagore kurusha abandi bakozi, cyane ko aribo bagize umubare munini w’abakozi bakora mu mirimo itanditse, harimo nabashobora guhohoterwa mu kazi kabo. Tukaba dusaba Leta y’Urwanda ko yashyira umukono ku masezerano C190 y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Murimo (ILO) agamije gukumira ihohoterwa n’ivangura mu kazi rishingiye ku gitsina.
Ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi
Ubwiteganyirize ni uburenganzira bw’ukora umurimo wese, bukwiye kugera kuri bose harimo n’abakora imirimo itanditse (informal economy workers), imisanzu igatangwa ku gihe,abakoresha batayitanga bagakurikiranwa kandi hakazashyirwaho uburyo abatanga imisanzu bazagira inyungu bahabwa ku bikorwa byunguka ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’ubwiteganyirize (RSSB) gishoramo imari iturutse mu misanzu batanga harimo n’amacumbi aciriritse n’ibindi byashoboka.
Gahunda ya « Ejo heza » yaje ikemura bimwe mu byavuzwe, niyo mpamvu dusaba gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi mu kwigisha no gukora ubukangurambaga ku bagenerabikorwa b’iyo gahunda bose.
Kureba uko amafaranga atangwa kuri pansiyo yafasha abagiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru kubaho neza (dignity) kandi amafaranga akazajya abarwa hakurikijwe ikiguzi cyo kubaho (cost of living) ndetse ntazajye kandi munsi y’umushahara fatizo igihe uzaba warashyizweho;
Ku bakoze hanze y’ igihugu hakabaho uburyo uburenganzira bwabo ku misanzu batanze mu bindi bigo burengerwa n’inzego z’igihugu zibishinzwe, Ibi bikaba byakurikiranwa cyane muri gahunda y’isoko rimwe mu bihugu bigize akarere k’Iburasirazuba EAC (social security benefits portability).
Mu gusoza, turahamagarira by’umwihariko abakozi bose kwibumbira muri sendika no gutanga umusanzu wayo uko bikwiye kuko uretse kubakorera ubuvugizi, igira uruhare rugaragara mu kwihutisha iterambere binyuze mu gushishikariza abakozi kongera gukunda umurimo no kongera umusaruro, gutanga serivise nziza kubabagana no kugira umuco mwiza wo kuzigama. Ibi byose kandi bikuzuzwa no kugira ubumwe n’indangagaciro nyarwanda, ibi bikazarushaho kugira akamaro cyane muri iki gihe twese dushishikajwe no guhashya ingaruka ya COVID 19.
Ibi byose tuzabigeraho mu bufatanye, duteza imbere Umurimo utanga umusaruro, twihutisha iterambere, Igihugu cyacu gikomeze guteza imbere abanyarwanda muri rusange n’abakozi by’umwihariko bagire imibereho myiza.
Tubasaba gukomeza kwirinda no kurinda abandi mwubahiriza amabwirizwa yashyizweho yo kwirinda COVID 19.
Tubifurije mwese n’abanyu bose umunsi mukuru mwiza w’Umurimo. Murakoze, mugire amahoro!
CESTRAR
