U Rwanda, Ghana na Benin byarangije icyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza ry’uburyo bwo guhererekanya no kugenzura amakuru y’irangamuntu hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, mu rwego rwo koroshya serivisi zambukiranya imipaka no guteza imbere ubukungu bwa Afurika bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.
Iyi gahunda izwi nka Smart Africa Data Exchange (SADX), igamije guhuza sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga z’ibihugu bitandukanye kugira ngo bishobore kugenzura amakuru y’abantu mu buryo bwizewe, buri gihugu kigakomeza kugenzura amakuru y’abaturage bacyo.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Smart Africa, iyi gahunda ni imwe mu ntambwe zigamije gushyiraho isoko rusange rya serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika, aho ibihugu bizashobora gukorana bitabaye ngombwa ko bishyira amakuru yabyo yose hamwe.
Uko ibihugu bizajya bigenzura amakuru y’abagenzi
SADX yubakiye ku buryo bwo guhuza sisitemu z’ibihugu mu mikorere y’imikoranire (federated approach). Ibi bivuze ko buri gihugu kigumana ububasha bwo gucunga sisitemu zacyo n’amakuru kibitse, ariko kikagira uburyo bwo kugenzura amakuru n’ibindi bihugu byemerewe gukorana na cyo.
Iyi gahunda ikorana na Smart Africa Trust Alliance (SATA), itanga umurongo ngenderwaho w’amahame y’icyizere, imiyoborere n’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byitabiriye gahunda.
Mu gihe kiri imbere, umuntu uvuye mu gihugu kimwe ajya mu kindi ashobora kugenzurirwa umwirondoro hakoreshejwe amakuru yemewe abitswe muri sisitemu y’igihugu cye. Ibi bishobora gukorerwa ahantu nk’aho abagenzi banyura ku bibuga by’indege, hagamijwe kwihutisha no koroshya igenzura ry’umwirondoro.
Icyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza cyari kigamije kureba niba sisitemu z’ibihugu bitatu zishobora guhuzwa no gukora igenzura ry’umwirondoro kuva ritangiye kugeza rirangiye, hifashishijwe amakuru y’igerageza atari ay’abantu nyakuri.
Icyiciro gikurikira kizibanda ku gutegura igerageza rizakorerwa mu buryo bugenzurwa, rikazafasha gusuzuma uko ubu buryo bwakoreshwa mu igenzura ry’abantu bambuka imipaka y’ibihugu byitabiriye gahunda.
Iryo gerageza rizatangira ari uko ibisabwa n’amategeko ya buri gihugu, ibijyanye n’umutekano w’amakuru n’imikorere, ndetse n’ibindi bisabwa byujujwe.
Serivisi zishobora koroherezwa n’iyi gahunda
Uretse kugenzura umwirondoro w’abagenzi, uburyo bwa SADX bushobora gukoreshwa no mu zindi serivisi zisaba ko amakuru yemezwa hagati y’ibihugu.
Urugero, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gishobora kwemeza ko cyanditswe kandi cyemewe n’amategeko kugira ngo gikore ibikorwa mu kindi gihugu. Umunyeshuri cyangwa umunyamwuga na we ashobora kugenzurirwa impamyabumenyi n’ubumenyi afite mu kindi gihugu, mu gihe umugenzi ashobora kugenzura amakuru yizewe ajyanye n’inkingo yahawe.
Ibi bishobora no gushyigikira serivisi z’imari zitangwa hagati y’ibihugu, ubucuruzi bukorerwa kuri interineti no koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abanyamwuga.
Smart Africa ivuga ko guhuza sisitemu z’indangamuntu mu buryo bwizewe bishobora kugira uruhare mu gushyigikira intego z’Isoko Rusange rya Afurika (African Continental Free Trade Area – AfCFTA), ndetse n’icyerekezo cyo guteza imbere isoko rimwe ry’ikoranabuhanga ku mugabane.
Lacina Koné, Umuyobozi Mukuru akaba n’Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa Smart Africa, yagize ati: “Ahazaza ha Afurika mu ikoranabuhanga ntihashobora kubakwa mu gihe sisitemu z’ibihugu zikomeza gukora zitandukanye kandi zidahujwe. Intego yacu ni uguhuza ubukungu bwacu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, buri gihugu kigakomeza kwigenga. Kuba Benin, Ghana n’u Rwanda byateye iyi ntambwe ya mbere ya tekiniki bigaragaza ko guhuza sisitemu bidakenera gushyira amakuru yose ahantu hamwe, kandi ko kwishyira hamwe bidasobanuye gutakaza ubusugire bw’ibihugu.“
Koné yavuze ko iyi ntambwe ifasha Afurika kwegera icyerekezo rusange cyo gukoresha amahirwe ari mu ikoranabuhanga ku buryo agirira akamaro abaturage b’umugabane wose.
Iyi gahunda ishingiye ku Itangazo rya Smart Africa Trust Alliance (SATA Declaration), ryashyizweho umukono n’ibihugu 19 bya Afurika bihuriza hamwe abaturage barenga miliyoni 335. Ibyo bihugu ni Benin, Repubulika ya Santarafurika, Tchad, Ibirwa bya Komore, Repubulika ya Kongo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Gambiya, Ghana, Gineya, Madagasikari, u Rwanda, Senegal, Sudani y’Epfo, Togo, Tuniziya, Uganda, Zambiya na Zimbabwe.
SATA yashyizweho kugira ngo ibihugu bigire amahame rusange bigenderaho mu kubaka icyizere mu ikoranabuhanga, guhuza sisitemu no gutanga serivisi zambukiranya imipaka. Iyi mikoranire ihuza ibihugu byo mu turere dutanu twa Afurika.
Ku rundi ruhande, SADX ifasha gushyira mu bikorwa amahame akubiye mu nyandiko ngenderwaho y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) yerekeye guhuza sisitemu z’indangamuntu z’ikoranabuhanga, izwi nka African Union Interoperability Framework for Digital ID. Ibi bigamije guhindura amahame na politiki byemejwe ku rwego rw’umugabane ibikorwa bifatika bishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’ibihugu.
Nyuma yo kurangiza icyiciro cya mbere, u Rwanda, Ghana na Benin byatangiye gutegura icyiciro cya kabiri, kizibanda ku igerageza ryo kugenzura umwirondoro w’abantu bambuka imipaka y’ibihugu byitabiriye gahunda. Ibisubizo bizava muri iri gerageza bizafasha Smart Africa gusuzuma uko ubu buryo bwakwagurwa bukagera no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.
Amakuru azava muri buri cyiciro azagezwa ku bihugu byashyize umukono ku Itangazo rya SATA, na byo bitumirwe gusuzuma uburyo byakwitabira ibyiciro bizakurikiraho, hashingiwe ku bisubizo bizaba byabonetse. Iyi gahunda iracyari mu cyiciro cyo gutegura no kugerageza uburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu. Bityo, uburyo bwo kugenzura umwirondoro w’abagenzi ku mipaka buzashyirwa mu bikorwa ari uko ibisabwa byose byujujwe.