Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko kunywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ubwonko bw’ingimbi n’urubyiruko, bikagira n’ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kwibuka, kwiga no gufata ibyemezo.
Kunywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito, nubwo byaba rimwe na rimwe mu birori cyangwa mu minsi mikuru, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko, cyane cyane ku bantu bakiri mu kigero cy’ingimbi n’urubyiruko, ubwonko bwabo bukaba bukiri mu nzira yo gukura.
Ibi bigaragazwa n’ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwakozwe ku ngaruka z’inzoga ku bwonko, burimo n’ubwakurikiranye imikurire y’ubwonko bw’abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 12 na 32.
Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu kinyamakuru Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience muri 2026, bwakorewe ku makuru y’abantu 690 bari hagati y’imyaka 12 na 29, bugaragaza ko kunywa inzoga nyinshi kenshi mu gihe gito bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kw’ingano y’ibice bimwe na bimwe by’ubwonko.
Abashakashatsi basanze kugabanya inshuro umuntu anywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora gufasha kugabanya umuvuduko w’ihinduka ry’ibice bimwe by’ubwonko, nubwo ubushobozi bwo kwisubiranya butandukanye bitewe n’igice cy’ubwonko n’ingano y’inzoga umuntu yanywaga.
Ibi byerekana ko ingaruka z’inzoga zitagomba kureberwa gusa ku bantu bazinywa buri munsi, kuko no kuzinywa nyinshi icyarimwe bishobora guteza ibibazo by’ubuzima.
Ubwonko ni igice cy’ingenzi mu kugenzura imikorere y’umubiri, gufata ibyemezo, kwibuka, kwiga no kugenzura imyitwarire. Iyo umuntu anyoye inzoga, zigira ingaruka ku buryo uturemangingo tw’imyakura twohererezanya ubutumwa.
Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa nabi ry’inzoga n’ubusinzi, NIAAA, kigaragaza ko ubwonko bw’ingimbi n’abangavu bukomeza gukura kugeza no mu myaka ya 20. Ibyo bituma bashobora kwibasirwa n’ingaruka z’inzoga, cyane cyane ku bice bifasha umuntu gutegura ibyo akora, kugenzura ibyiyumvo no gufata ibyemezo.
Kunywa inzoga bishobora kandi kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ingendo z’umubiri, gutekereza neza no kumenya ibyago umuntu ashobora guhura na byo. Iyo umuntu anyoye nyinshi mu gihe gito, ashobora no kugira ikibazo cyo kutibuka neza ibyabaye. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku myigire, ku mikorere ya buri munsi no ku bushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo birengera ubuzima.
Ingaruka z’inzoga ntizigarukira ku bwonko gusa, kuko zishobora no gushyira ubuzima bw’umuntu n’ubw’abandi mu kaga, cyane cyane igihe atwaye ikinyabiziga yasinze. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS/WHO) rigaragaza ko gutwara ikinyabiziga umuntu yanyoye inzoga byongera ibyago byo gukora impanuka ishobora gukomeretsamo abantu cyangwa ikabica.
Raporo y’iri shami ivuga ko ibyago by’impanuka bitangira kwiyongera n’iyo ingano y’inzoga mu maraso ikiri hasi, bikarushaho kwiyongera uko izamuka. Ku rubyiruko, ibi bishobora gukaza ibyago byo gufata ibyemezo bidatekerejweho neza, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gusubira mu rugo nyuma y’ibirori, gutwara moto cyangwa imodoka, cyangwa kugenda mu muhanda umuntu atagishoboye kugenzura neza umubiri we.
OMS ivuga ko impanuka zo mu muhanda zihitana abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 1,16 ku mwaka ku Isi, kandi ko ari zo ziza ku isonga mu guhitana abana n’urubyiruko bari hagati y’imyaka itanu na 29.
Mu gihe cy’ubwangavu n’ubuto, ubwonko buba bugikura, kandi ni bwo umuntu agenda yunguka ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ku ngaruka z’ibyo akora, kwiga no kugenzura ibyiyumvo. NIAAA ivuga ko gutangira kunywa inzoga hakiri kare bifitanye isano n’imyitwarire ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, harimo gutwara ikinyabiziga umuntu yasinze no gufata ibyemezo bishobora kumugiraho ingaruka mbi.
Nubwo abantu bamwe bashobora kumva baruhutse cyangwa bishimye nyuma yo kunywa inzoga, ibyo ntibivuze ko imikorere y’ubwonko iba imeze neza. Inzoga zishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibyago, bigatuma umuntu akora ibyo atari gukora atazinyoye.
Icyakora, ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z’inzoga ku bwonko ntibuvuga ko buri muntu uzinyoye azahita agira ubwonko bwangiritse ku rugero rumwe. Ingaruka ziterwa n’ingano y’inzoga, inshuro umuntu azinywa, imyaka ye n’ibindi birimo uko ubuzima bwe buhagaze.
Kugabanya inzoga ni imwe mu nzira zo kurengera ubuzima
Mu Rwanda, gahunda ya Sober Gen Generation ikoresha ubuhanzi n’imbuga nkoranyambaga mu gushishikariza urubyiruko kwirinda inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge zizwi nk’ibyuma no kwimakaza ubuzima buzira umuze.
Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr. Sabin Nsanzimana, aherutse gutangaza ko mbere y’uko gahunda yo guca inzoga z’ibyuma itangira, mu Rwanda hari litiro zazo zigera kuri miliyoni 20. Iyi mibare igaragaza uburemere bw’ikibazo cy’inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge, ariko ntiyerekana ubwayo umubare w’abazinywa cyangwa ingaruka zazo ku bwonko bw’urubyiruko.
Abahanga mu buzima bashishikariza abantu kwirinda kunywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito, kandi urubyiruko rukarindwa kuzitangirira mu gihe ubwonko bwarwo bugikura.
Ku muntu usanzwe anywa inzoga nyinshi kandi bikaba byaramubereye ikibazo, kugana inzego z’ubuzima ashaka ubufasha ni ingenzi. Ni na ko umuntu udashoboye kugenzura ingano y’inzoga anywa ashobora kungukirwa no kuganira n’abaganga ku buryo yazigabanya cyangwa yazireka mu mutekano.
Muri rusange, kumenya ingaruka z’inzoga ku bwonko no ku mutekano wo mu muhanda bifasha abantu gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru yizewe, birinda ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’abo babana na bo.