Inama ya 20 y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF) iri kubera i Phnom Penh muri Cambodia, yagaragaje ibibazo by’imibanire ya dipolomasi n’itandukaniro ry’ibitekerezo hagati y’ibihugu biwugize. Impaka ku uzayobora uyu muryango muri manda ya 2027–2030 ziri kugerageza ubushobozi bwawo bwo guhuza ibihugu bifite inyungu za politiki zitandukanye.
Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF) uri mu bihe bikomeye, mu gihe inama ya 20 yawo iri kubera i Phnom Penh muri Cambodia, kuva ku wa 15 kugeza ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2026. Iyi nama ifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Kongera gushora imbaraga mu mahoro hagamijwe iterambere rusange n’umutekano urambye.”
Nubwo iyi nama igamije kuganira ku mahoro, ubufatanye n’iterambere, ikibazo cy’amatora y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru mushya cyayigize urubuga rw’impaka za dipolomasi, cyane cyane hagati y’u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).
Izi mpaka zishingiye ku kuba u Rwanda rushyigikiye Louise Mushikiwabo, usanzwe ayobora OIF, kugira ngo ahabwe indi manda, mu gihe RDC yagaragaje ko itifuza ko yakongera gutorerwa uyu mwanya.
Louise Mushikiwabo yatangiye kuyobora OIF mu 2019 nyuma yo gutorwa mu 2018, yongera kugirirwa icyizere muri manda ya kabiri mu 2022. Ubu arashaka gukomeza kuyobora uyu muryango muri manda ya gatatu izamara imyaka ine, kuva mu 2027 kugeza mu 2030.
Mu bakandida bari biyandikishije harimo Coumba Ba wo muri Mauritania, Dacian Cioloș wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Romania, Juliana Amato Lumumba wo muri RDC na Louise Mushikiwabo uhagarariye u Rwanda.
Icyakora, mu gihe inama ya Phnom Penh yiteguraga amatora, RDC yakuyeho umukandida wayo Juliana Amato Lumumba, itangaza ko ishyigikiye Dacian Cioloș wa Romania. Icyo cyemezo cyatangajwe nk’uburyo bwo gushaka umukandida ushobora guhurizaho ibihugu byinshi.
Ku rundi ruhande, u Rwanda rwemeje ko rutazakuraho kandidatire ya Mushikiwabo. Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Olivier Nduhungirehe, yabwiye The New Times ko u Rwanda ruzakomeza kumushyigikira, nubwo hari amakuru yavugaga ko Perezida w’u Bufaransa Emmanuel Macron yari yasabye Perezida Paul Kagame ko kandidatire ye ikurwaho kugira ngo haboneke ubwumvikane ku wundi mukandida.
Amakuru yatangajwe na Jeune Afrique, yasubiwemo n’ibindi bitangazamakuru, avuga ko Macron yashakaga ko ibihugu bigira ubwumvikane ku mukandida umwe. Icyakora, ibyo birebana n’ibiganiro byihariye hagati y’abakuru b’ibihugu ntibikwiye gufatwa nk’ibyemejwe n’impande zombi mu buryo burambuye.
Amategeko ya OIF ateganya iki?
Amategeko agenga OIF ashyira imbere ubwumvikane mu kugena Umunyamabanga Mukuru. Ariko iyo ibihugu bidashoboye kumvikana ku mukandida umwe, hakoreshwa uburyo bw’amatora.
Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko yemewe yateguwe n’OIF ku nama ya Phnom Penh, amatora ateganyijwe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2026, akaba azakorwa mu muhezo. Abafite uburenganzira bwo gutora ni abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma cyangwa abayobozi b’intumwa bahagarariye ibihugu 53 by’abanyamuryango buzuye.
Iyo ubwumvikane butabonetse, hakoreshwa amatora y’ibanga, umukandida agatsinda ku majwi menshi kurusha abandi. Iyo habaye kunganya amajwi, hateganywa irindi tora kugeza habonetse umukandida utsinze. Umunyamabanga Mukuru utowe azahabwa manda y’imyaka ine.
Ibi bigaragaza ko amatora atari uburyo bwo kwitabaza gusa mu gihe ibihugu binaniwe kumvikana, ahubwo ari bumwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko y’uyu muryango.
Umwuka mubi hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC urushaho kugaragara
Impaka ku buyobozi bwa OIF ziri no mu murongo w’umwuka mubi umaze igihe hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC, cyane cyane ku bibazo by’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.
RDC ishinja u Rwanda gushyigikira umutwe wa M23 ukorera mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu, mu gihe u Rwanda ruhakana ibyo birego. Iyi ntonganya ya dipolomasi yageze no muri OIF, aho Kinshasa yigeze gutangaza ko ishobora kuva muri uyu muryango mu gihe Mushikiwabo yakongera gutorerwa kuwuyobora.
Icyo cyemezo gishobora kugira ingaruka ku muryango, kuko RDC ari cyo gihugu gifite abaturage benshi mu bihugu bikoresha Igifaransa nk’ururimi rwemewe. Kuva kwayo byaba igihombo ku muryango uharanira guhuza ibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’Igifaransa.
Ntabwo impaka ziri kubera i Phnom Penh ari zo zonyine zagaragaje ibibazo by’imibanire hagati y’ibihugu bigize OIF.
Muri Werurwe 2025, Burkina Faso, Mali na Niger byatangaje ko bivuye muri uyu muryango. Ibyo bihugu byari byarafatiwe ibyemezo byo guhagarikwa mu nzego za OIF nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryabayeho mu bihugu byabyo. Byashinje uyu muryango gukoresha ibihano mu buryo bubogamye no kutubahiriza ubusugire bwabyo.
Ibyo byatumye OIF ihura n’ikibazo cyo gukomeza guhuza ibihugu bifite imyumvire itandukanye ku miyoborere, ubusugire bw’ibihugu, demokarasi n’imibanire mpuzamahanga.
Ejo hazamenyekana icyerekezo cy’ubuyobozi bwa OIF
Mu gihe inama ya Phnom Penh ikomeje, ibihugu biyigize biracyafite inshingano yo guhitamo umuyobozi mushya no kwerekana ko bishobora gukemura ibibazo byabyo hakurikijwe amategeko y’umuryango.
Amatora ateganyijwe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2026 azaba ikizamini ku buryo OIF ishobora guhuza inyungu zitandukanye z’ibihugu biyigize, cyane cyane mu gihe hari ibihugu bishyigikiye ubwumvikane mbere y’amatora, ibindi bigashimangira ko amategeko ateganya gutora igihe ubwumvikane butabonetse.
Ikibazo gikomeye gisigaye ni ukumenya niba OIF izabasha kuva muri iyi nama ikomeje kunga ibihugu biyigize, cyangwa niba impaka z’amatora zizakomeza kugaragaza intege nke mu bumwe bwayo.
Icyo bizagaragaza ntikizagarukira ku muntu uzayobora OIF muri manda itaha gusa, ahubwo kizaba n’ikimenyetso cy’ubushobozi bw’uyu muryango bwo gukomeza kuba urubuga rw’ibiganiro, ubufatanye n’ubwumvikane hagati y’ibihugu bifite inyungu zitandukanye.
