Umunyamategeko n’umucamanza ukomoka muri Afurika y’Epfo, Navanethem Navi Pillay, ni we wegukanye igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel cya 2026, mu rwego rwo gushimira uruhare rwe mu guteza imbere amahoro, ubutabera n’amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Komite ya Nobel yatangaje iki cyemezo ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2026, igaragaza ko Pillay yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushimangira uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo gukurikirana no guhana abakoze ibyaha by’intambara, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu na jenoside. Iyi nshingano yamuhesheje icyubahiro ku rwego mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane mu guharanira ko nta muntu ukwiye kuba hejuru y’amategeko.
Uruhare rukomeye mu butabera bw’u Rwanda
Navi Pillay afite amateka yihariye ku Rwanda, aho yabaye umucamanza mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), rwari rufite inshingano zo kuburanisha abaregwa kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Yinjiye muri uru rukiko mu 1995, nyuma aza kuruyobora kuva mu 1999 kugeza mu 2003. Muri icyo gihe, yagize uruhare mu manza zafashije gusobanura no guteza imbere amahame y’amategeko mpuzamahanga yerekeye ibyaha bya jenoside n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.
Urubanza rwa Jean-Paul Akayesu, wahoze ari burugumesitiri wa Taba mu Rwanda, ni rumwe mu manza zikomeye zagaragayemo umurage wa Pillay mu butabera mpuzamahanga. Mu 1998, urukiko rwemeje ko gufata ku ngufu n’ibindi bikorwa by’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina bishobora kuba ibyaha bya jenoside igihe byujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. Uyu mwanzuro wabaye intambwe ikomeye mu kurwanya kudahana no gushimangira uburenganzira bw’abakorewe ibyaha.
Yakuze mu bihe by’ivangura muri Afurika y’Epfo
Pillay yavukiye i Durban muri Afurika y’Epfo mu 1941, mu muryango ufite inkomoko mu Buhinde, mu bwoko bw’Abatamili. Yakuze mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Apartheid, bwari bushingiye ku ivangura n’itandukanywa ry’abantu hakurikijwe ibara ry’uruhu.
Ibyo yanyuzemo byagize uruhare mu kumushishikariza guharanira uburenganzira bungana kuri bose. Mu 1967, yabaye umugore wa mbere wafunguye ibiro by’ubwunganizi mu mategeko mu ntara ya Natal. Yanunganiraga abantu barwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa Apartheid, barimo Nelson Mandela waje kuba Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo.
Mu 1995, yagizwe umucamanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Afurika y’Epfo, aba umugore wa mbere w’umwirabura ugeze kuri uwo mwanya muri icyo gihugu.
Yabaye umuyobozi w’urwego rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu
Nyuma y’imirimo ye mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, Pillay yabaye umucamanza mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (ICC), aho yatangiye gukorera mu 2003.
Mu 2008, yagizwe Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burenganzira bwa Muntu, umwanya yamazemo kugeza mu 2014. Muri izi nshingano, yibanze ku kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, guteza imbere ubutabera no gushimangira ihame ry’uko amategeko agomba kubahirizwa hatitawe ku rwego rw’umuntu cyangwa igihugu akomokamo.
Pillay kandi yayoboye Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yakoze iperereza ku bibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Ntara za Palesitine zigaruriwe na Israel, harimo na Gaza. Raporo yasohotse mu 2025 yagaragaje umwanzuro uvuga ko Israel yakoze jenoside muri Gaza, ibirego Israel yahakanye.
Igihembo kigaragaza agaciro k’ubutabera mpuzamahanga
Mu gutangaza uwegukanye igihembo cy’uyu mwaka, Komite ya Nobel yashimangiye ko amahoro arambye ashingira ku kubahiriza amategeko, kubazwa ibyaha no guha ubutabera abahohotewe. Yagaragaje ko umurimo wa Pillay wafashije mu guteza imbere ihame ry’uko abaregwa ibyaha bikomeye bagomba kuburanishwa mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko.
Iki gihembo kije mu gihe inzego mpuzamahanga z’ubutabera zikomeje guhura n’igitutu cya politiki n’impaka ku mikorere yazo mu gukurikirana ibyaha bikomeye. Guhesha Pillay iki cyubahiro ni ubutumwa bushimangira ko kubahiriza amategeko n’ubutabera ari inkingi z’ingenzi mu kubaka amahoro.
Ku Rwanda by’umwihariko, uruhare rwa Navi Pillay mu manza za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rugaragaza akamaro k’ubutabera mpuzamahanga mu kugaragaza ukuri, guhana ibyaha bikomeye no kurengera abahohotewe.
Biteganyijwe ko igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel cya 2026 kizashyikirizwa Pillay i Oslo muri Noruveje ku wa 10 Ukuboza 2026, umunsi usanzwe utangwaho ibihembo bya Nobel mu rwego rwo kwibuka Alfred Nobel wabishyizeho.
