Panorama
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’iya Singapore basinyanye amasezerano y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isoko rya Karuboni (Carbon), rigena uburyo bwo gucuruzanya umwuka uhumekwa n’ibiti biterwa, amashyamba n’ibindi bishobora gukurura umwuka wa CO2 (Carbon dioxide).
Nk’uko RBA dukesha iyi nkuru yabitangaje, Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije, Dr. Valentine Uwamariya na mugenzi we wa Singapore, Grace FU Hai Yien, ni bo bashyize umukono kuri aya masezerano.
Isoko rya ‘Carbon’ ni uburyo bwashyizweho mu masezerano y’i Paris ku kurengera ibidukikije, aho ibihugu bifite ibikorwa bigamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bizajya bicuruza umwuka uhumekwa ku bihugu byateye imbere, bifite inganda zohereza mu kirere imyuka myinshi ihumanya.
Isoko rya Karuboni ni iki?
Isoko rya Karuboni ni isoko ryisi yose aho umwuka wa Karuboni wagabijwe ushobora kugurwa no kugurishwa hubahirijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye. Intego y’isoko rya Karuboni ni ukugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi ikongera ubushyuhe ku Isi.
Mu mategeko agenga isoko rya Karuboni, ibihugu bihabwa ibyangombwa byinshi byo kohereza karuboni kugeza kurwego runaka. Niba igihugu kidakoresheje ibyemezo byacyo byose, gishobora kugurisha impushya zidakoreshwa mu kindi gihugu cyifuza kohereza umwuka wa Karuboni.
Isoko rya Karuboni ryatangijwe n’amasezerano ya Kyoto kugira ngo ryorohereze uburyo ibihugu bigabanya imyuka yongera ubushyuhe ku isi. Iha ibihugu byateye imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari muburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya iyo myuka, hagamijwe kongera icyifuzo cy’isi yose mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi ikongera ubushyuhe ku Isi.
Isoko rya Karuboni rikubiyemo uburyo bw’isoko ryashyizweho mu masezerano ya Kyoto, harimo uburyo bwiswe “Clean Development Mechanism”, “International Emissions Trading” ndetse na “Joint Implementation”.
Ibi bigengwa n’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe (UNFCCC) n’isoko rya Karuboni ryigenga (Voluntary carbon Market). isoko rya Karuboni ryigenga ryemerera abantu n’amasosiyete guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi yongera ubushyuhe binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutera inkunga.
Isoko rya Karuboni rikora rite mu Rwanda?
Nubwo u Rwanda rutohereza imyuka myinshi mu kirere, rufite amahirwe yo gukora imishinga itandukanye y’isoko rya Karuboni, bijyanye n’icyerekezo cyayo cyo kugira ubukungu burengera ibidukikije mu 2050. Isoko rya Karuboni rizagira uruhare runini mu kugabanya imyuka kandi bizagira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ry’igihugu.
Mu Rwanda, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) hamwe n’isoko rya Karuboni Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) ni uburyo bubiri bukora. Ingano ya Karuboni yagabanijwe igacuruzwa mu Rwanda muri iki gihe, yiganjemo imishinga ijyanye no gukoresha imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa, igizwe na 87%.
Mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2020, u Rwanda rwagurishije inite za Karuboni 2,250,000 binyuze mu isoko rya Karuboni. Ibikorwa byose bya CDM byatanze inite za Karuboni 724,320 mu gihe ibikorwa bya VCM byatanze 1,525,680 za inite za Karuboni.
