Panorama
Ishuri rikuru ry’u Rwanda ryigisha Ubuhinzi butangiza Ubutaka (Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture – RICA), na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI), bahurije hamwe abafatanyabikorwa, bashyiraho uburyo bw’imihingire ibungabunga ubutaka, aho bushobora gutanga umusaruro hatabayeho kubuhindura intabire.
Nk’uko inkuru dukesha Kigali Today ibitangaza, RICA, MINAGRI hamwe n’Umuryango utari uwa Leta witwa “Mennonite Central Committee” no ku bufatanye n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Ibiribwa ku Isi (World Food Programme Rwanda WFP/PAM), bahurije hamwe abafatanyabikorwa mu nama y’Igihugu yiswe “National Conservation Agriculture Symposium”, basuzuma ingamba zihamye kandi zirambye zo kwita ku butaka no kubusigasira, kugira ngo bugumane umwimerere wabwo ibihe byose.
Ni inama yakiriwe n’Ishuri RICA ku wa 28 Werurwe 2025, ikaba yarahurije hamwe inzobere n’impuguke mu by’ubuhinzi, inzego za Leta n’iz’Abikorera, abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere, abahinzi babigize umwuga hamwe n’amashyirahamwe afite aho ahurira n’ubuhinzi. Ni ubwa mbere iyi nama ibereye mu Rwanda.
Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije muri RICA, ushinzwe ubushakashatsi no kwagura ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka, Dr Ndambe Nzaramba Magnifique, avuga ko kugira ngo ubutaka bw’u Rwanda bukomeze gutanga umusaruro, abantu bakwiye kwirinda kurima amasinde no kubuhindura intabire, ahubwo bagasabwa kubutwikiriza ibisigazwa by’imyaka nyuma yo gusarura (isaso), hamwe no gusimburanya ibihingwa.
Dr Nzaramba agira ati “Mu mahame y’ingenzi y’ubu buhinzi butangiza ubutaka, icya mbere ni ukutarimagura ubutaka kuko bibuteza umwuma -imyaka yateweho igahita yuma- ndetse n’intungabihingwa ziburimo zigapfa.
Iri hame rya mbere ryo kutarimagura ubutaka rikubiyemo gukoresha uburyo bwo kudahinga (no-till), cyangwa guhinga gake (minimum-till) mu gihe cyo gutera imbuto no kurwanya ibyatsi byangiza, bidasabye guhingagura umurima wose. Ibi bituma habaho kwiyongera kw’ibinyabuzima mu butaka kandi bukagumana umwimerere wabwo, bukabika amazi igihe kirekire, ndetse bikagabanya n’isuri.”
Guhorana ubutaka butwikiriye
Ihame rya kabiri, nk’uko Dr Nzaramba akomeza abisobanura, ni ukugira ubutaka buhora butwikiriye. Ibi bikubiyemo gutera ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka mu bihe bitandukanye by’ihinga, gusiga ibisigazwa by’imyaka mu murima nyuma yo gusarura, no gukoresha isaso (mulch) aho bishoboka. Gutwikira ubutaka bigabanya isuri, intungabihingwa zikagumamo, ubutaka bukabika amazi ku buryo bifasha abahinzi guhangana n’amapfa.
Dr Nzaramba akomeza agira ati “Ugomba gutwikiriza ubutaka ibyasigaye mu mirima (ibishogoshogo cyangwa ibikenyeri) nyuma yo gusarura, wajya no gutera imbuto ukirinda kuyishyira kure cyane harenze santimetero (cm) 5 munsi y’ubutaka, kuko uba urimo kuyitsikamira uyibuza kumera.”
Gusimburanya imyaka mu murima (Crops rotation)
Ihame rya gatatu ni ugusimburanya ibihingwa mu bihe bitandukanye by’ihinga (crops/plants rotation) cyangwa kuvanga imyaka itandukanye mu murima umwe (intercropping).
Iyi mikorere ifasha kongera intungagihingwa mu butaka, kubugira bwiza, bikajyana no kongera umusaruro, bikanafasha gukumira kwiyongera kw’indwara n’ibyonnyi.
RICA hamwe na PAM/WFP bivuga ko bizafatanya na Leta y’u Rwanda kuvugurura ubuhinzi, hakagenderwa ku mahame yo kurinda ubutaka gukomereka no gutakaza umwimerere wabwo.
Dr Nzaramba avuga ko ubu buryo bushya bwo guhinga bumaze kugaragaza ko umusaruro wikuba inshuro zibarirwa hagati ya 5-6, iyo ubutaka butarimwe, bwatwikiriwe kandi hakoreshejwe imbuto nziza no kuburinda ifumbire n’imiti birenze urugero.
Ubuhinzi burinda abantu imvune no guhomba amafaranga yabo
Abahinzi, cyane cyane abagore birirwaga mu mirima, ntabwo bazongera gutakaza igihe kinini muri iyo mirimo, bikazabafasha kuzigama amafaranga n’umwanya bari gukoresha mu gutegura intabire.
Umuhinzi uhagarariye abandi mu Murenge wa Nasho mu Karere ka Kirehe, Gakuba Jonas, avuga ko ubutaka bwabo butagisharira, bitewe no gusimburanya imyaka hamwe no gusasira.
Gakuba agira ati “Impamvu nshimira ubu buhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka ni uko hari igishoro cyinshi bwagabanyije, nta kurima umurima uritura amasinde, kubagara na byo ntibikomeye kubera ko wa murima twawusasiye, nta byatsi bimeramo cyane.”
Hegitare zirenga ibihumbi 100 muri 2029 zizaba zihingwaho neza
Abayobozi muri MINAGRI bavuga ko imihingire itangiza ubutaka, izafasha Leta y’u Rwanda kugera ku ntego za gahunda ya gatanu yo kuvugurura ubuhinzi, yiswe Strategic Plan for Agriculture Transformation(PSTA5) yatangiye muri 2024 kugera muri 2029.
Umuyobozi Mukuru muri MINAGRI ushinzwe Ubuhinzi buvuguruye, Dr Patrick Karangwa, agira ati “Dufite intego yo kugera nibura kuri hegitare ibihumbi 100
(muri 2029) zihinzwe mu buryo bubungabunga ubutaka. Ubu aho tugeze ni kuri hegitare zigera nko kuri 1,100, turifuza kuzikuba inshuro zitari munsi ya 100.”
Dr Karangwa avuga ko hafi kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’utugari twose mu Rwanda, ni ukuvuga utugari dusaga 1000 ho gato, hari uturima tw’icyitegererezo, abantu bazajya bareberaho ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka, ndetse ko kugeza ubu abahinzi barenga ibihumbi 21 hirya no hino mu Gihugu, bamaze kwigishwa kuzatoza abandi ubwo buhinzi, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’Ikigo RAB.
Dr Karangwa ashima ko gukora ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka birimo kurwanya isuri no kurinda ubutaka kumagara no gukayuka, aho buhorana ubuhehere kubera gutwikirwa, kandi bugatanga umusaruro kuko imyaka ihora isimburana n’indi mu mirima, isaso y’ibyatsi biyikomokaho na yo ikaba ifumbire.
Uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa
Umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda zo kwihaza mu biribwa mu muryango Mennonite Central Committee(MCC), Thomas Habanabakize, avuga ko bashyize ingufu n’ubushobozi mu gushyigikira no guteza imbere ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka.
Habanabakize avuga ko imirima shuri (Farm Field Schools) yashyizweho hirya no hino mu gihugu, aho buri murima uhuriza hamwe abahinzi 30 bagahabwa amahugurwa, nyuma bagakoresha ubwo bumenyi mu mirima yabo bwite, ari na ko buri wese atoza abaturanyi be nibura batanu.
Agira ati “Kuva mu myaka 10 ishize, ubu buryo bwatanze umusaruro mwiza, turimo gukorera mu turere icyenda turimo Nyaruguru, Nyamagabe, Karongi na Rutsiro, kandi turatekereza kwagura tukagera i Kayonza, Ruhango, Burera n’ahandi. Abahinzi benshi twakoranye babonye ko umusaruro wabo wiyongereye, bitewe no gukora ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka.”
Umuryango WFP hamwe n’abahinzi bakorana na wo, bavuga ko ubu buhinzi bumaze kugaragaza ko ari bwo bwonyine bwafasha abaturage guhangana n’ibiza no kuboneza umusaruro, ari yo mpamvu WFP yishyize hamwe n’abashinzwe kubuteza imbere.
Umukozi wa WFP Rwanda, Richard Makuza, avuga ko uretse ubutabazi batanze mu gihe cy’ibiza by’amapfa n’imyuzure, banafashije abahinzi bato barenga 127,000 bagize amakoperative 425 hirya no hino mu gihugu, kubona amasoko no gufata neza umusaruro bejeje”.
WFP kandi, ishingiye ku ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yakoranye na Leta muri gahunda zo kubaka ubushobozi bw’abahinzi bwo guhangana n’ibiza hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bituma bakomeza kubona umusaruro no mu gihe baba bahuye n’ibibazo.
Ibi byatumye WFP ibona ko gukora no gushishikariza abantu ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka, ari yo nzira n’igisubizo byizewe.
Makuza ati “Ni yo mpamvu twakusanyije inkunga yo gushyigikira imishinga y’ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka, tukaba twaratangiriye ku mishinga y’igerageza mu turere dutanu. Ubu twinjiye mu cyiciro gishya cyo gushyigikira gahunda zihuje n’intego za PSTA5.”
Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cyigisha ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka ’Center for No-Till Agriculture (CNTA) cyo muri Ghana, Dr Kofi Boa, agaragaza uburyo uturere tugwamo imvura nyinshi two mu musozi mirere y’u Rwanda twibasirwa n’isuri, igatwara ubutaka bwiza nyuma yo kubugira intabire.
Inyigo yakozwe muri Gicurasi 2022 n’Urwego rushinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi mu Rwanda, RWB, ku bufatanye n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku kubungabunga Ibidukikije (IUCN), yagaragaje ko hegitari 1,080,168 z’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda (zingana na 45% by’ubuso bwose bw’ubutaka bw’Igihugu), ziri mu byago byo kwibasirwa n’isuri(ahanini bitewe n’imirimo y’ubuhinzi ibukorerwaho).
