Mu Rwanda, abatunze inzu zabo baragabanuka nyamara mu myaka myinshi ishize, gutunga inzu byari kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara by’umutekano n’ituze ry’igihe kirekire ku miryango.
Imibare iheruka gutangazwa n’inzego za Leta igaragaza ko ubu imiryango ifite amazu ituyemo ari mike ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mu myaka icumi ishize.
Iyi mpinduka ikwiye gusobanurwa neza, kuko ituruka cyane ku mpinduka zikomeye mu mibereho y’abaturage no mu bukungu bw’igihugu, aho guterwa no kugabanuka kw’imibereho myiza.
Nk’uko bigaragara mu mibare ya Rwanda Statistical Yearbook 2025 igaragaza ko hafi 72% by’imiryango itunze inzu zayo, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imibare iheruka gutangazwa ku wa 31, Ukuboza, 2025.
Ibi bigaragaza igabanuka rigaragara ugereranyije na 805 byari byaragaragajwe mu Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire ryo mu 2012.
Mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi, kuba nyiri inzu byagabanutseho hafi 8%.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, umubare w’imiryango ituye mu nzu z’aho bakodesha wiyongereye uva kuri 15% ugera kuri 22% ku rwego rw’igihugu. Iki ni ikibazo kigaragara cyane mu mijyi.
Mu Mujyi wa Kigali, hafi 34% gusa by’imiryango niyo itunze inzu ituyemo, mu gihe igice kinini ari abakodesha. Iyi mibare igaragaza ihinduka rikomeye mu buryo Abanyarwanda batujwemo, cyane cyane mu mijyi.
Ukwiyongera kw’abaturage
Imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera iyi mpinduka ni ukwiyongera kwihuse kw’abaturage.
Umubare w’abaturage b’u Rwanda wavuye kuri miliyoni 10.5 mu 2012 ugera kuri miliyoni 13.2 mu 2022, bivuze inyongera ya hafi miliyoni 2.7 mu myaka icumi gusa.
Iri ni izamuka rya hafi 26% mu myaka icumi. Ukwiyongera kw’abaturage gutuma havuka imiryango mishya, kandi umubare w’imiryango uragenda wiyongera vuba.
N’iyo hubatswe inzu nyinshi, igipimo cyo kuyitunga gishobora kugabanuka mu gihe imiryango mishya ivuka ku muvuduko urenze ubushobozi bwo kugura cyangwa kubaka inzu.
Mu buryo bufatika, abantu barushaho guhatanira gutunga inzu, kandi benshi muri bo ntibahita babona ubushobozi bwo kubigeraho.
Igihugu kigizwe ahanini n’urubyiruko
Imiterere y’imyaka y’abaturage b’u Rwanda igira uruhare runini mu gusobanura igabanuka ry’ugutunga inzu.
Abaturage barenga 70% bafite munsi y’imyaka 30, naho imyaka mpuzandengo iri hafi ya 20, ibi bituma u Rwanda ruba kimwe mu bihugu bifite abaturage bato cyane ku isi.
Gutunga inzu akenshi biza mu myaka yigiye imbere mu buzima, umuntu amaze kubona akazi gahoraho, yarazigamye cyangwa afite uburyo bwo kubona inguzanyo.
Abenshi mu Banyarwanda ni abakiri ku ntebe y’ishuri, abashaka akazi bwa mbere, n’imiryango ikiri mishya ndetse ugasanga abantu batunze inzu zabo ari mbarwa.
Iyo urubyiruko rwinshi ruvuye mu ngo z’ababyeyi, rubanza gukodesha mu gihe rugerageza kwiyubaka mu bukungu.
Ibi byonyine birahagije gutuma igipimo cyo gutunga inzu kigabanuka ku rwego rw’igihugu, n’ubwo icyerekezo cy’igihe kirekire kiba ari cyiza.
Ukwiyongera kw’imijyi
Ukwiyongera kw’imijyi ni indi mpamvu ikomeye ituma kugira inzu bwite bihenda.
Urubyiruko rwinshi rwerekeza mu mijyi, cyane cyane Kigali, rushaka amashuri n’imirimo.
Isoko ry’inzu mu mijyi rikora mu buryo butandukanye n’iry’icyaro. Mu cyaro, imiryango myinshi yubaka ku butaka bw’umuryango ikoresheje ibikoresho by’aho, bigatuma igipimo cyo gutunga inzu kiba hejuru, akenshi kirenga 80%.
Mu mijyi, ubutaka ni buto kandi buhenze, ibiciro byo kubaka biri hejuru, kandi kandi inyinshi mu nzu zubakwa hagamijwe kuzazikodesha.
Kugura inzu mu mujyi bisaba igishoro kinini cyangwa kubona inguzanyo yo kugura inzu, ikintu kikiri ingorabahizi ku miryango myinshi.
Kubera ko abaturage bo mu mijyi biyongera kurusha abo mu cyaro, igipimo cyo gutunga inzu ku rwego rw’igihugu kiragabanuka mu buryo budasanzwe.
Gutunga inzu ntibihwanye n’ubuziranenge
Ni ingenzi kandi gutandukanya gutunga inzu n’ubuziranenge bwayo.
N’ubwo hafi 72% by’imiryango itunze inzu, inyinshi muri zo ni inzu zisanzwe, zidakomeye birambye.
Imibare y’ibarura igaragaza ko hafi 60% by’inzu zidatabye hakoreshejwe n’amatafari cyangwa sima(pavement), naho hafi 68% zubakishijwe amatafari ya rukarakara.
Hafi 31% by’inzu zo muri Kigali nizo zitabye na sima, bikagaragaza ko imiryango myinshi ifite umutungo w’inzu ariko ikabura amafaranga ahagije yo kuyatunganya no kuyazamura ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ibi bishimangira igitekerezo cy’umutungo utabyara amafaranga. Mu yandi magambo imitungo ifatika irahari gusa nta mafaranga ahagije ayivamo.
Imiryango mito, ibisabwa byinshi
Ingano y’imiryango na yo iragenda ihinduka. Imiryango iragenda iba mito, bivuze ko abaturage bangana bashobora kuvamo imiryango myinshi.
Imiryango ibiri mito isaba amazu abiri aho kuba imwe. Ibi byongera icyifuzo cy’amazu kandi bigashyira igitutu ku isoko, cyane cyane mu mijyi.
Ibyo bituma abantu benshi bakodesha igihe kirekire mbere yo kugera ku rwego rwo gutunga inzu yabo.
Iterambere rya Nyabisindu
Nk’uko Kigali Today yabyanditse, ivugururwa rya Nyabisindu rihura n’ingamba rusange z’u Rwanda zo guhindura urwego rw’imiturire mu gihugu hose.
Binyuze muri Rwanda Housing Authority, Leta iri gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga minini yo kuvugurura imijyi, igasimbuza utujagari tudateguwe amazu ateguye neza, agezweho kandi ashobora guhangana n’imihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Iyi nzira igamije kunoza imibereho y’abaturage no kwagura amahirwe yo gutunga inzu binyuze mu kongera umubare w’amazu no gutanga amazu meza kurushaho.
Icy’ingenzi cyane, iyi gahunda ishyigikiwe n’ingamba nini zo gutera inkunga imari y’imiturire, zigamije gufasha imiryango kuva mu nzu zidakwiye cyangwa mu bukode ikajya mu nzu yayo bwite, bityo iterambere ry’imijyi rigahuza n’intego z’igihe kirekire z’imibereho myiza n’ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Icyo igabanuka risobanura mu by’ukuri
Igabanuka ry’ugutunga inzu ntirikwiye gusobanurwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko u Rwanda rugenda rusubira inyuma.
Ahubwo, rigaragaza sosiyete iri mu mpinduka yihuse mu mibare y’abaturage.
Ukwiyongera kw’abaturage, ubwinshi bw’urubyiruko, n’iyihuta ry’ukwiyongera kw’imijyi bihindura uburyo abantu babaho n’uko babona amazu.
Mu bihugu byinshi, ibyiciro nk’ibi byajyaniranye no kwiyongera kw’isoko ry’ubukode mbere y’uko igipimo cyo gutunga inzu gihagarara cyangwa kikongera kuzamuka uko ibyinjira byiyongera n’imari igenda ikura.
Inzitizi ikomeye iri imbere
Inzitizi nyamukuru ku rwego rwa politiki si uguharanira gusa kuzamura igipimo cyo gutunga inzu, ahubwo ni ugutanga amazu ahendutse, akwiye, n’uburyo bufatika bwo kubona inguzanyo zo kuyagura, cyane cyane ku rubyiruko.
Mu gihe urubyiruko rw’uyu munsi ruzaba rukuze kandi rukagira umutekano mu bukungu, icyifuzo cyo gutunga inzu kiziyongera.
Uko urwego rw’imiturire ruzashobora gutanga amazu ahendutse, inguzanyo zoroshye, n’iterambere ry’imijyi riyobowe neza ni byo bizagena uko igipimo cyo gutunga inzu kizongera kuzamuka vuba.
Kugeza ubu, igabanuka ry’ugutunga inzu risobanurwa neza nk’ingaruka z’igihugu gito mu myaka, gikura vuba kandi kigenda kiba icy’imijyi, kigenda cyihindura kijyanye n’ibihe bishya, aho kuba igihombo cy’umutungo w’imiryango.
