Jackson Kwizera
Mu misozi miremire y’amahumbezi ya Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga, hatangijwe uburyo bushya bwo gukurikirana ibinyabuzima hifashishijwe ibipimo by’uturemangingo ndangasano bisigara mu bidukikije, buzwi nka eDNA (environmental DNA).
Iri koranabuhanga rishingiye ku gusuzuma ibisigazwa by’uturemangingo dusigara mu mazi, mu butaka cyangwa mu kirere, kugira ngo hamenyekane amoko y’ibinyabuzima atuye ahantu runaka, inkomoko yabyo ndetse n’imibanire yabyo n’ibidukikije.
Muri Gashyantare 2026, inzobere 20 z’Abanyarwanda mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije zatangiye amahugurwa agamije kubatoza gukoresha eDNA mu buryo bwa siyansi. Aya mahugurwa yabereye ku kigo cya Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund giherereye mu Kinigi, akaba ari icyiciro cya mbere mu mushinga wiswe Enhancing Community-Based Ecological Monitoring in VNP.
Abahuguwe baturuka mu bigo birimo African Wildlife Foundation, Rwanda Development Board, Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, REMA n’abandi bakora mu rwego rwo kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Amahugurwa yahuje inyigisho zishingiye ku mahame ya siyansi ya molecule, uburyo bwo gufata no kubika ingero za eDNA, kuzisesengura muri laboratwari, no gusesengura amakuru avamo.
Iki gikorwa kiri mu rwego rw’umushinga wa TUI Wildlife Programme uterwa inkunga na TUI Care Foundation, ugashyirwa mu bikorwa ku bufatanye bwa African Wildlife Foundation, RDB na Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund.
Intego ni ukongera ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ibinyabuzima no kubaka DNA Bank ya mbere muri Afurika, izabika amakuru y’ingenzi ku binyabuzima byo muri Pariki y’Ibirunga.
Umuyobozi uhagarariye AWF mu Rwanda, Nsabimana Patrick, yavuze ko iri koranabuhanga rizatuma hafatwa ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru ahamye aho gushingira ku kureba gusa cyangwa ku bikoresho bisanzwe nka camera zo mu ishyamba.
Mu myaka irenga 20 ishize, Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund yakusanyije amakuru menshi ku ngagi zo mu misozi, inyoni, inyamaswa z’inyamabere, ibikeri, udukoko n’ibimera byo muri Pariki y’Ibirunga.
Gusa, aho hantu hagizwe n’imisozi ihanamye n’ishyamba ry’inzitane, hari amoko y’ibinyabuzima adakunze kugaragara byoroshye. eDNA ije nk’inyongera, itari ugusimbura uburyo busanzwe, ahubwo ikabufasha gutahura n’ibyashoboraga kutabonwa.
Igenzura rizakorerwa ku duce 30 twatoranyijwe: 16 turi imbere muri pariki na 14 turi mu duce duteganyijwe kwagurirwamo. Hazibandwa ku bishanga bihoraho, ibihe by’imvura, imigezi n’ahandi hashobora kugaragaza uko ibinyabuzima byimuka cyangwa byambukiranya imbibi.
Nyuma y’icyiciro cya mbere cy’amahugurwa kiyobowe n’inzobere mpuzamahanga, icyiciro cya kabiri kizayoborwa n’Abanyarwanda bamaze guhugurwa. Ibi bigamije gutuma igihugu kigira ubushobozi bwigenga mu igenzura ry’ibinyabuzima no kubaka gahunda irambye.
Ubu buryo bushya buzafasha gukurikirana neza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku buso bwa kilometero kare 160 zigize Pariki y’Ibirunga, ndetse bunafashe mu gufata ibyemezo bihinduka bitewe n’impinduka z’ibihe n’imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Ikoreshwa rya eDNA rigaragaza ko u Rwanda rukomeje gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije.
Ni intambwe ikomeye izagena icyerekezo cy’imiyoborere n’imicungire y’ibidukikije mu myaka iri imbere, ishingiye ku makuru yuzuye, ubushakashatsi buhamye, no kubaka ubushobozi bw’Abanyarwanda mu bya siyansi.
