Kwizera Jackson
Mu gihe u Rwanda n’Isi yose muri rusange binjiye mu bihe byo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 32 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abaturage n’abayobozi bo mu Murenge wa Kimihurura, by’umwihariko mu kagari ka Rugando, bahuriye hamwe mu muhango wo kunamira inzirakarengane zishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. abaturage bibukijwe ko kwibuka ari inshingano ya buri wese kandi Abanyarwanda bagomba gukomera ku bumwe n’Ubudaheranwa, bagafatanyiriza hamwe kurwanya Jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo yayo.
Mu muhango wo kwibuka, hagarutswe ku rugendo rutoroshye Abatutsi bari batuye muri aka gace banyuzemo mu minsi 100 y’umwijima, benshi bakaba barahaguye nyamara bari batuye hafi y’abo bari bizeye ko bagomba kubarengera.
Mu kiganiro cyatanzwe na Vedaste Higiro, umuturage wo muri ako kagari, yagarutse ku mateka akomeye igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyanyuzemo kugeza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ndetse anagaragaza urugendo igihugu cyanyuzemo cyiyubaka nyuma yayo.
Asobanura impamvu yo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, agaragaza ko ari inshingano ya buri Munyarwanda kuzirikana amateka mabi igihugu cyanyuzemo, hagamijwe kuyigiraho no gufata ingamba zo gukumira icyayisubiza.
Yibukije ko ibi bishimangirwa n’Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu irangashingiro ryaryo, rishyira imbere kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yahitanye abarenga miliyoni imwe, ndetse no kurwanya ingengabitekerezo yayo n’ibindi byose bifitanye isano n’ivangura n’amacakubiri.
Yakomeje asobanura ko Jenoside ari icyaha gikomeye mpuzamahanga kigamije kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu bazizwa abo ari bo, haba ku bwoko, ubwenegihugu cyangwa ibindi. Mu Rwanda, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta yariho icyo gihe.
Agaruka ku nkomoko y’amacakubiri, yavuze ko mbere y’ubukoloni Abanyarwanda babanaga mu mahoro, bayobowe n’Umwami bafataga nk’umubyeyi wabo. Ariko abakoloni n’abamisiyoneri baje kubiba urwango, bashyiraho politiki ishingiye ku moko no kuvangura Abanyarwanda, ari byo byabaye intandaro y’ibibazo byakurikiyeho.
Higiro agira ati “Mu bihe byakurikiyeho, cyane cyane ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda, ivangura n’ihohoterwa ku Batutsi byarakomeje, benshi baricwa abandi bahunga igihugu. Hashyizweho amategeko abuza impunzi gutaha no gutunga imitungo yabo, ndetse n’amacakubiri arushaho gushinga imizi mu nzego zitandukanye z’igihugu. Mu 1973, habayeho ibikorwa byo guheza Abatutsi mu mashuri no mu kazi, bizwi nk’ikubura”.
No ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana, nubwo yatangaje ko azanye ubumwe, ivangura n’urwango byarakomeje. Yashimangiye ko impunzi zidafite uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo, ndetse itangazamakuru rikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza urwango, binyuze mu binyamakuru bitandukanye byabibaga ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.
Ibi byose byatumye Abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro bishyira hamwe bashinga Umuryango wa FPR Inkotanyi, bagamije guharanira uburenganzira bwo gutaha no guhagarika akarengane kakorerwaga bene wabo.
Mu gusoza, Vedaste Higiro yagaragaje ko kwibuka ari umwanya wo kongera kwiyemeza kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose. Yasabye Abanyarwanda bose gukomeza kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, kuko ari byo shingiro ry’iterambere rirambye ry’igihugu.
Yakomeje agaragaza uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe mu buryo bufatika kandi bw’igihe kirekire. Yasobanuye ko mu mwaka wa 1990, Abanyarwanda bari barahungiye mu bihugu bitandukanye batangije urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, barwanya ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwari bwarimakaje ivangura n’ihezwa.
Mu 1991, Leta yashyizeho imitwe ya politiki n’iyitwara gisirikare irimo Interahamwe z’ishyaka MRND n’Impuzamugambi za CDR, zatangiye gutozwa no gutegurwa mu bikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi, zibifashijwemo n’ingabo za Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo. Mu 1992, hatangiye gukwirakwizwa intwaro mu baturage hagamijwe kuzifashisha mu bwicanyi.
Mu 1993, kubera ko Leta yari imaze kugotwa n’ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi, yemeye kujya mu mishyikirano yabereye i Arusha muri Tanzania. Iyi mishyikirano yageze ku masezerano yo gusaranganya ubutegetsi hagati y’impande zombi. Icyakora, bamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye b’icyo gihe, barimo Bagosora, barabyamaganiye kure, bavuga ko badashobora gusangira ubutegetsi n’Abatutsi, anavuga ko agiye gutegura “akantu” kadasanzwe mu Rwanda.
Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana irahanurwa, maze icyo gikorwa gihita gikoreshwa nk’urwitwazo rwo gutangiza Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyamara, nk’uko byasobanuwe, Jenoside yari yarateguwe mbere hose, igikorwa cy’ihanurwa ry’indege kikaba cyarabaye imbarutso yo kuyishyira mu bikorwa.
Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994, hashyizweho Leta yitwaga iy’Abatabazi iyobowe na Dr Sindikubwabo Theodore afatanyije na Kambanda Jean wari Minisitiri w’intebe, bakomeza umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi. Abana, abagore n’abasaza barishwe mu buryo bw’agashinyaguro ndengakamere, abandi bahigwa bukware bahungira ahantu hatandukanye.
Agira ati “Nyuma yo gutsindwa kw’iyo Leta n’ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zahagaritse Jenoside, bamwe mu bayigizemo uruhare bahungiye mu cyahoze ari Zaïre (ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo), bafashijwe n’ingabo z’Abafaransa banyuze mu gice cya Gikongoro. Aho bageze, bakomeje gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, ndetse banagira uruhare mu guhungabanya umutekano w’akarere.”
Mu gusoza, yibukije urubyiruko ko rufite inshingano ikomeye yo gukomeza kubaka igihugu. Yagaragaje ko ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda bukomeje kwiyongera, aho mu mwaka wa 2010 bwari ku kigero cya 83%, bukagera kuri 95% mu 2025. Ibi bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye igihugu kimaze gutera mu kwiyubaka.
Yashimangiye ko kuba Umunyarwanda ari byo bikwiye gushyirwa imbere ya byose, asaba buri wese kurwanya amacakubiri no kwimakaza ubumwe. Yanibukije ko Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshuro ya 32 ari umwanya wo kunamira no guha icyubahiro abazize uko baremwe, no gukomeza kwiyemeza ko Jenoside itazongera ukundi.
Sen. Bideri Jon Bond, wifatanyije n’abanyarugando kandi akaba ari ho atuye, ashishikariza abaturage gukomeza kwitabira ibiganiro n’ibikorwa byo kwibuka bibera mu midugudu, no gukomeza gufatanya n’imiryango yabuze abayo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bayifasha kudaheranwa n’agahinda no kubaba hafi mu rugendo rwo kwiyubaka.
Yakomeje asaba buri wese kubumbatira ubumwe n’ubudaheranwa by’Abanyarwanda, ashimangira ko ibiduhuza ari byinshi kurusha ibidutanya. Agaragaza ko iterambere igihugu kimaze kugeraho rishingiye ku bumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, bakorera hamwe, kandi ko kuba dusangiye ururimi n’umuco ari amahirwe akomeye atuma ibyagezweho bigirira umumaro buri wese. Ashimira ubuyobozi bwiza bwahisemo guha Abanyarwanda bose amahirwe angana, ndetse anagaragaza ko u Rwanda n’isi yose bifatanya mu kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Yamaganye imvugo n’ibikorwa by’urwango bikigaragara mu baturage, ndetse no mu bayobozi bamwe na bamwe, cyane cyane abo mu karere u Rwanda ruherereyemo bashyigikira umutwe wa FDLR, cyane muri ibi bihe byo kwibuka. Avuga ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside igikomeje kugaragara mu karere, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bikorerwa Abatutsi muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ashimangira ko u Rwanda rutazabyihanganira ahubwo ruzakomeza gufata ingamba zo kuyikumira.
Yagarutse ku ruhare rw’urubyiruko, arusaba gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu kurwanya abapfobya Jenoside no gusobanurira abatayizi amateka yayo, bagamije guhangana n’abayikwirakwiza. Yibukije ko Jenoside itigeze iba igikorwa cy’ako kanya, ahubwo yateguwe igihe kirekire binyuze mu mvugo zihembera urwango, bityo ko tugomba guhora turi maso kugira ngo amateka mabi atazisubira.
Yashimangiye ko Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda riteganya guhana uwo ari we wese unyuranya n’amahame y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, asaba Abanyarwanda bose gukomeza kuyubahiriza. Yavuze kandi ko umutwe wa FDLR ugifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, kandi ko nubwo hari abavuga ko abasigaye ari bake cyangwa bashaje, ingengabitekerezo yo idasaza, ari na yo mpamvu igomba kurwanywa n’imbaraga zose.
Yagaragaje ko nubwo ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda bumaze kugera ku kigero gishimishije, hakiri intambwe yo gutera kuko hari abagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo zitandukanye. Yatanze urugero rw’ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hari bamwe mu rubyiruko bagaragaza imyumvire ishingiye ku macakubiri, bikaba bigaragaza ko hari aho babikomora, cyane cyane mu miryango bakomokamo.
Yagarutse kandi ku bikorwa bimwe byambukiranya imipaka bigamije gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, asaba ko byamaganywa kandi bigakumirwa hakiri kare. Yashimangiye ko kurwanya iyo ngengabitekerezo ari inshingano ya buri Munyarwanda, haba mu gihugu imbere no hanze yacyo.
Mu gusoza, yasabye Abanyarwanda gukomeza guha agaciro abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bakomeza kubibuka no kubunamira. Yibukije ko kwiga amateka mabi igihugu cyanyuzemo ari ingenzi kugira ngo habeho gufata ingamba zituma atasubira ukundi. Yashimangiye ko Jenoside yakozwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe, nyamara ubuyobozi bwiza bukwiye kuba uburinzi bw’abaturage.
Yasoje asaba buri Munyarwanda kwitabira gahunda ya “Ndi Umunyarwanda”, bagashyira imbere ubunyarwanda, bagaharanira ubumwe no kurwanya amacakubiri, kugira ngo hubakwe u Rwanda ruzira ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, rufite ejo hazaza heza kuri bose.
Abayobozi bibukije abaturage ko kwibuka ari inshingano ya buri wese kugira ngo amateka mabi atazigera asubira ukundi. Bahawe ubutumwa bw’ihumure, basabwa gukomeza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, ari na ko bafasha bagenzi babo bacyiyubaka nyuma y’ingaruka za Jenoside.
