Munezero Jeanne d’Arc
Ubushakashatsi bw’ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi n’ubusesenguzi ku ngamba zitandukanye (IPAR: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research) bugaragaza ko mu bigo bito n’ibiciriritse mu rwego rw’ubwubatsi no mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, hari ibibazo bikomeye. Muri byo harimo kuba ibibangamiye ubuzima n’umutekano by’abakozi mu kazi.
Ni ubushakashatsi bwamurikiwe i Kigali ku wa 4 Ugushyingo 2025. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 58% by’ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo mu bucukuzi n’ubwubatsi mu Rwanda, bwibanda ku kureba ku mushahara abakozi bahembwa ndetse n’ibindi bigenerwa umukozi nk’ubwiteganyirize n’ubwishingizi.
Ni mu gihe ubugera kuri 7% gusa ari bwo bureba ku mutekano w’abakozi mu kazi, na ho 4% gusa bukaba ari bwo bureba ku gukoresha abana bataruzuza imyaka yo kujya mu kazi. Iki gice kirengagizwa gikubiyemo ubwirinzi bw’umukozi mu kazi ku byateza impanuka, ibinyabutabire bwangiza n’ibikoresho byo kubimurinda.
Abarenga 90% by’abakozi muri izi nzego kandi basanze batazi uburenganzira bwabo buteganywa n’amategeko y’umurimo, ndetse abandi benshi bakora badafite amasezerano yemewe n’amategeko y’akazi bitewe no kugira ubwoba bw’uko bashobora kugatakaza.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekeanye ko ubugenzuzi 95% bukorwa mu bucukuzi n’ubwubatsi ku ngingo y’umutekano ku kazi buba nyuma y’uko hamaze kubaho ibyago nk’impanuka, aho kubukora mbere.
Mu gihe 67.5% ari bwo bwita ku kwereka abakozi uko bakongera umutekano wabo mu kazi naho 66.7% bwo busuzuma ko amahame y’umutekano ku kazi k’ubucukuzi n’ubwubatsi byubahirizwa.
Ku kijyanye n’umusaruro uva mu bugenzuzi bukorwa, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubugera kuri 63% by’ubukorwa bufasha gushyira mu bikorwa icyo buvugaho ku rugero rwiza, mu gihe 33% bwubahirizwa ku kigero kiringaniye, naho 4% bwo ntibutange umusaruro.
Bugaragaza kandi ko mu mpanuka ziba mu bwubatsi no mu bucukuzi, izigera kuri 95.8% zakorewe ubugenzuzi hagamijwe gukemura ibibazo zateje ku kigero cyiza, naho 83.3% mu hagenzuwe impamvu-muzi yaziteye kandi bifatwaho imyanzuro myiza irinda ko zakongera.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa IPAR, Kayitesi Eugenia, yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bumaze imyaka itatu bukorwa, bwari bugamije kwerekana imikorere n’impamvu hagomba kubaho igenzurwa ry’umurimo bitandukanye. Muri byo hari iby’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ndetse no m’ubwubatsi, kureba cyane cyane uko igenzura ry’umurimo bifasha kugira ngo abakozi babe babaho neza, cyangwa se umurimo wongera imibereho myiza y’abakozi muri izo segiteri ibyeri z’ubushakashatsi zakonzwe mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye ndetse n’ubwubatsi.
Kayitesi yakomeje agaragraza ko iyo bakoze ubushakashatsi ba bukorana n’ababafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, ndetse na za minisiteri ziba zishinzwe gukurikirana imibereho myiza y’abakozi muri izo segitazi, bityo IPAR mu bugenzuzi yakoze mu bakozi bakora mu birombe byagaragaraye ko ubuzima bwabo buba buri mukaga, kuko hari aho usanga nta bikoresho by’ubwirinzi baha abakozi ahubwo bakabasaba ku byigurira kandi bahembwa umushahara udahagije.
Yagize ati “Haraho twagiye dusanga hari naho bakora badafite ibikoresho by’ubwirinzi batumbwira ko iyo bagiye kuza nibwo baduha nk’iyo myambaro idukiza ingaruka twahura nazo nk’ingofero, ariko turifuza ko bitakagiye bikorwa gutyo ahubwo bya ibintu bihoraho abagenzuzi b’imirimo bakajya bajyamo bakabikurikirana,bagakurikirana ko abakozi baba bafite ibyangombwa bibarinda mu gihe cy’akazi.”
Uyu muyobozi yakomeje agaraga ko, hakiri abantu usanga bacukura amabuye y’agaciro kandi batabifitiye burenganzira bafite bityo bikaba ari bimwe mu bitaeza ibibazo nko kuba hari abapfira mu birombe.
Agira ati “Hari abantu twasanze bacukura amabuye y’agaciro ariko batabifitiye uburenganzira, nabo akenshi ntago bafata abakozi neza, tukavuga tuti nabo banutu nabo bajye bagenzurwa bakurikiranwe bahanwe kuko baba bakora ubucukuzi badafite uburenganzira.”
Bamwe mu bafite ibirombe bo bavuga ko mu bihe byatambutse abakozi bajyaga babaha ibikoresho ariko ntibabyiteho ariko mu rwego rwo kugira ngo bajye babyitaha bakozi basambwe ko bajya babyigurira.
Nsanzimana Bernard umujyanama mu bucuruzi bwa amabuye ya gaciro yitwa Gamico ltd, yagize ati” Haracyari indi intambwe yo kuganiriza abakoresha n’abakozi, kuko hari n’abakozi uha ibyo bikoresho bakabifata nabi, akaba ariyo mpamvu hari igihe sosiyete zimwe na zimwe zibasaba kugira, uruhare bashyiramo kugira ngo bajye babasha gufata bya bikoresho neza naho ubundi ibikoresho by’ubwirinzi biratagwa”
Nubwo hakiri icyuho mu igenzura ry’umurimo ipar irashima iruhari rw’ubugenzuzi mu bihe byashize mu kuzamura iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira ku mushahara ubwishingizi mu kugabanya impanuka zo mu kazi no kongera ubumenyi bw’abakozi mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira, umutekano n’ubuzima bwiza mu kazi ubu bushakashatsi bwa IPAR bwakorewe ku masosiyete y’ ubucukuzi bwa mabuye ya gaciro agera kuri 400 mu gihugu hose.
