Panorama
Umushakashatsi akaba n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo, Muramutsa Felix, yifashishije amateka n’inyandiko nyinshi z’abanditsi batandukanye zivuga ku bukwe nyarwanda, bose bagira aho batandukaniye ariko kandi bakagira n’aho bitewe n’igihe n’ahantu inyandiko yakorewe ndetse n’abo igenewe.
Muramutsa ateruara avuga ko kuva kera ka kare, hari itandukaniro ku kuntu ubukwe butegurwa kandi bwizihizwa rishingiye ku bushobozi bw’imiryango cyangwa ababutegura. Ariko muri iki gihe hari itandukaniro mu mitegurire y’ubukwe bwo mu mijyi no mu cyaro. Mu nyandiko yacu ibi sibyo dutindaho, turagaruka ku nkwano, aho umwanditsi yibaza ati “Ese iki gihe inkwano igenwa nan de?
Hari byinshi igitabo “Dusigasire umuco nyarwanda ukubiye mu bukwe; Ubukwe bw’ubu n’ubwa kera: Ibyiza bya kera twakubakiraho kugira ngo iby’ubu bikomeze indangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda” cyanditswe na Muramutsa Felix, kigarukaho.
Ese iki gihe inkwano igenwa nan de?
Hambere inkwano ikiri inka cyangwa isuka gusa, iki kibazo nticyari ngombwa, yagenwaga na se w’umukobwa, kandi ni na ko byagombye kumera ariko ubu inkwano yahinduye isura. Igisobanuro cyayo cyabaye ukudi, ni hake bakwa inka, ahenshi bakwa amafaranga, kandi ntabwo umubare cyangwa igiciro cyangwa agaciro bitandukana bitewe n’ubutunzi bw’imiryango yombi, icyo abazarushinga bakora cyangwa batunze.
Gusa mu mihango hose havugwa ko ari inka yakowe, ntawe uvuga amafaranga (kereka mu bayisiramu, bavuga inkwano nyayo umuhungu yahaye umukobwa). Mbere inkwano yari igamije gushimira ababyeyi b’umukobwa, kandi ikaba urwibutso ko yagiye mu wudi muryango abahesheje ishema.
Ariko uko iterambere n’uubuzima bigenda bihinduka, inkwano yabaye ikindi kinti kintu.inkwano yagizwe amafaranga ku mpamvu zitandukanye: benshi cyane cyane mu mijyi ntibafite urwuri, ku buryo kubakwera inka byababera ikibazo ho kuba ibyishimo.
Ikindi ni uko kubera ubukwe bwaginzwe ibirori bihambaye, amafaranga afasha umuryango w’umukobwa kunganira ingengo y’imari ikenerwa mu gutegura ibyo kwakiriza abakwe n’abashyitsi mu mihango yo gusaba no gukwa, kwambika umugeni, kugura ibishyingiranwa, gukodesha aho ibirori bibera , imitako,ababyinnyi, n’ibindi.
Hari aho umukobwa avugana n’umuhungu amafaranga azamukwa kandi bakayaha umukobwa , akayagura ibishyingiranwa! Ibi na byo bituma inkwano isa nk’itaye agaciro k’urwibutso rw’ababyeyi, kuko mu by’ukuri ikoreshejwe ibitandukanye n’indangagaciro yayo mu muco nyarwanda.
N’ubwo iterambere no gusiganwa n’igihe bikataje, mu busanzwe “uwabyaye umukobwa ni we umukosha, kandi uwabyaye umuhungu bumvika ku nkwano bakabimenyesha ababyeyi, ni amaburakindi ku babyeyi. Bigaragara cyane mu bakobwa bize cyangwa bafite ubushobozi ari bo batunze imiryango yabo, usanga n’ubusanzwe ari bo bafata ibyemezo bikomeye mu muryango.
Ni nko kwikosha,nta mukobwa warenzwe wikosha, umukobwa ntobwo akwiye kuba ariwe kuba ari we wisabira umusore inkwano, ngo ayikoreshe ibyo yishakie ababyeyi basigare bayivuga kandi ntayo babonye. Gusa iyi ngeso imaze no gukwira no mu bakobwa batize ndetse bafite ababyeyi.
Ibyo “kwikosha”hari n’uko bifitanye isano n’amateka y’igihugu. Hari aho abakowa bamwe barenze n’imiryango itari ababyeyi b’imibiri, bamwe muri bo hari imitungo y’uwo mukobwa bakoresheje nabi cyangwa bamuhunguje, cyangwa se n’ubusanzwe asa n’ucumbitseyo gusa ariko yimenya kuri byose cyangwa amenywa n’abandi batari aho acumbitse/azasabirwa.
Hari n’ubwo abo babyeyi bamureze batinya ko umukobwa yazagi ngo bungukiye mu inkwano; hari n’ababyeyi bamwe bakira inkwano bakayikenuza cyangwa bakayikoresha mu kuvugurura/gutunganya “aho umukobwa azasabira”, nyamara na we yari azi ko izamufasha kwitegura ubukwe harimo ibishyingiranwa.
Aho ni ho haturutse ko ababyeyi barekera umukobwa iby’inkwano, cyangwa se n’abakobwa bamwe bagataha babwiraababyeyi ngo ‘Fiancé(e)’ yampaye inkwano nishyura ‘avance’ y’ibi cyangwa biriya “. Umwe mu mpirimbanyi y’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugore n’umugabo ati “kwikosha ni agakumamunwa! Ni ukwigenga bikabije no gufata ibyemezo bihubutse, ndetse bamwe babyitiranya n’uko umugore yahawe ijambo, bituma bamwe basigaye bakora ibyo bishakiye.”
Guharira umukobwa “kwikosha” bijya bitera ipfunwe ku babyeyi be b’umubiri cyangwa abamureze. Biba kandi imwe mu ntandaro yo kuba inkwo ishobora kuba yaba nini ikaremerera umusore, cyangwa se ababyeyi bamureze bakabifata nk’aho yaberetse ko atari ababyeyi beza bakwiye kwakira inkwano ye.
Benshi kuri ubu bmeza ko inkwo ihanitse,ababyeyi bamwe bagashaka ko ivamo ibijyanye no kwakira abatumirwa cyangwa kugura ibishyingiranwa, abandi bakayibara bakurikije icyo batanze ku mashuri y’umukobwa.gusa na kera inkwano ntiyigeze igira agacira gato mu bice byinshi by’igihugu, kuko hari umukecuru ukomoka mu kingogo (Ngororero) watubwiye ko mukuru we yakowe amafaranga ibihumbi bine (4.000Frw) muri 1960, ahwanye n’agaciro k’inka nziza icyo gihe. Iwabo babashaga kuyubakamo inzu y’amategura, banaguramo ibishyingiranwa bye byose. Undi na we yakowe ibihumbi icumi (10.000Frw) muri 1974 (byagereranwa n’arenga ibihumbi magana atandatu iki gihe).
Hari ingero z’imiryango y’umukobwa ishaka kurushya umuhungu ikazamura “ikiguzi-inkwano”, umukobwa agaca ruhinga nyuma, agaha umuhungu ya nkwano yifuzwa n’ababyeyi be. Ibi ntabyo bikwiye guhinduka. Abantu baba bagiye kubana bombi, nta mpamvu yo kuvuna umwe.
Hari imiryango itekereza ko mu gihe yatanze umutungo munini ku burezi n’amashuri by’umukobwa, uyu na we yagombye kugira icyo afasha umuryango cyangwa bene nyina arangije kwiga. Iyo ahise arongorwa bagashaka inkwano isa n’igamije kwishyura ibyo yari kuzakorera uyu muryango.
Hari n’imiryango y’abahungu itekereza ko kuba yatanze inkwano nini igomba kwakirwa neza kurenza ibiteganyijwe, bitagenda bityo ugasanga batashye bijujuta. Nyamara ubusanzwe, ubukwe ni ugusangira uwakoresheje ubukwe agomba kwakira abakwe neza ndetse n’abatwerereye, mu bushobozi afite.
Hari n’abagabo bacyurira abagore ko babakoye (menshi), ko ntacyo babahakanira cyangwa batagombye kugira ijambo mu rugo. Umwe mu bagore agira ati “kera nkiri umwana, umugabo twari duturanye yabwiye umugore we ngo ndagukubita, nagukoye inka yanjye…’ Byatumye nkura narishyizemo inkwano, narayanze rwose!”.
Muramutsa avuga ko iyo usesenguye ibyakorwaga icyo gihe, gukwa umugore byasaga no kumugura. Inkwano yafatwaga nk’ikiguzi.
Ese birakwiye ko abantu baciririkanya ku nkwano? Ese birakwiye ko umuntu akosha umwana we ashingiye ku byo yamutanzeho? Ese ababyeyi b’umuhungu we babifata bate ko na bo baba barabyaye, barareze kandi yaba yaragize amahirwe yo kuminuza agatangwaho byinshi?
