Hari bamwe mu bana bavuka ku bakora uburaya bahohoterwa bakiri bato na bamwe mu baza gusambanya ababyeyi babo, bakaba basaba na bo barindwa ihohoterwa kuko akenshi usanga batagira gikurikira kubera uburyo baba baravutsemo.
Abenshi muri abo bana barasambanywa ndetse bagaterwa inda, abandi bagashorwa mu buraya no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge batarageza ku myaka y’ubukure, hakabaho n’igihe bikorwa n’ababyeyi babo.
Kurenganurwa kw’aba bana biracyari ikibazo gikomeye kuko bibangamirwa n’ingeso mbi zikorwa n’ababyeyi babo. Ibi bituma kubahohotera bihabwa intebe ndetse bikabaviramo kurwara SIDA no kuba ibicibwa mu bandi ubuzima bwabo bagasa n’uburangiriye aho.
Ubuhamya buteye agahinda bwa bamwe mu bahohotewe
Umwana w’umukobwa (udatangajwe amazina ye kubera ataragira imyaka y’ubukure) avuga ko yahohotewe n’uwari waje kuryamana na nyina umubyara. Ntawe yabibwiye kubera ko iyo yagiraga icyo ambwira nyina atamwumvaga hakaba n’ubwo akubitwa.
N’ubwo abivugana ikiniga, mu kiganiro n’Ikinyamakuru Panorama, agira ati “Mama yakoraga mu kabari ariko rimwe na rimwe akajya atahana abagabo bakararana, akambwira ko ari abatonto; ubundi akanyohereza kurarana na bo muri saro kuko twagiraga inzu y’icyumba kimwe. Ba bagabo basohoka bagiye kwihagarika aho gusubira kwa mama bakaza aho ndyamye bakansaba ko turyamana, nkabyanga, bakambwira ko batari bwishyure mama.
Nataka akaza akankubita, ubugira kabiri ansohora akandaza hanze mu mbeho. Nabibayemo igihe ntafite aho kujya, hashize igihe mama yaje kuzana abagabo babiri, abwira umwe ko agomba kumuha menshi kuko amuhaye umwana ukiri muto. Ubwo uwo mugabo yamfahe ku ngufu ndataka ariko sinabona untabara, bukeye njya mu baturanyi ndabibabwira kandi harimo n’abayobozi bambwira ko batarusha mama imbabazi; nisanga ndi mu kato. Bamwe mu bo duturanye bakajya bampa akato, ngize amahirwe naje kubona umugiraneza arantwara, amfasha kwiga ndetse aranamvuza, ariko nsanga naranduye SIDA!”
Bavukira mu buraya na bo bakaba indaya
Umwana ukora uburaya mu Migina no mu Gisimenti, mu murenge wa Remera mu karere ka Gasabo, avuga ko yatangiye gusambanywa afite imyaka 8 bitewe na nyina. Kuri ubu afite imyaka 15, avuga ko uburaya akora yabushowemo n’umubyeyi we.
Agira ati “Najyaga naka mama ibikoresho by’ishuri, akansubiza ngo aho nkura amafaranga ntuhareba! Ntukantere isesemi! Nuko navuye mu ishuri. Rero twebwe nta myaka tugira yo kubyariraho, kuko nk’ubu namaze kubyara. Sinigeze ngira umfasha kubona ubutabera, kuko uwo negeraga wese yanyerekaga ko nta gaciro mfite! Byose nabikorewe na mama…”
Uyu mwana akomeza avuga ko iyo hagiraga umugabo uza kureba nyina akamubura, yahitaga amusambanya. Ngo iyo umwana yabibwiraga nyina ko bamuterese akabangira, yaramukubitaga, akamutuka kandi akamuhoza ku nkeke ngo “mbese kuki wowe utagira uruhare mu kwinjiriza urugo?” Ng’uko uko yisanze na we yabaye indaya, anabyariramo ari muto.
Hari ababyeyi bemeza ko bikorwa
Umwe mu babyeyi bakora uburaya na we arabihamya. Yemeza ko hari abagabo bacyura babageza mu rugo bakanabasambanyiriza abana. Kuri we, iyo ari umubyeyi utewe ipfunwe n’ibyo na we akora, abihunza abana ntabibakorere mu maso yabo.
Agira ati “Icyo gihe aranabacyaha akirinda ko bamenya ikimutunze. Ariko iyo ari umubyeyi bidafite icyo bibwiye na bo arabashora, ku buryo usanga birangiye babaye indaya ari bato, bakabyariramo, bakabukuriramo bikaba byagira ingaruka, kuko nibamara gukura bazabiraga na bo abana babo.”
Uyu mubyeyi akomeza avuga ko rimwe yazanye umugabo bombi basinze, bamaze kuryamana amusaba kujya hanze, agarutse ahita asambanya umwana wari muri saro. Uyu mubyeyi ngo yatanze ikirego baramubwira ngo “ubundi se iyo gusambana umwana akurora uba ubona umwana wawe we atagomba kubikora.” Byarangiye umwana we avuye mu ishuri aza no kubyara, na we yahindutse indaya.
Imyumvire niyo ituma aba bana bahohoterwa
Mukamana Josephine w’imyaka 45 na Ndayambaje Vincent w’imyaka 55 batuye mu Murenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo, bemeza ko baturanye na bamwe mu bakora uburaya. Bavuga ko abana bakomoka kuri abo bagore usanga igihe cyose bahohoterwa, kuko banahabwa akato bacibwa intege na zimwe mu nzego z’ibanze. Ibi bigatuma na bo ubwabo batishakira uburenganzira.
Aba babyeyi bavuga ko imyumvire y’abantu ihindutse bakabona ko n’uwo mwana afite agaciro ndetse akwiye kugira uburenganzira, ihohoterwa bakorerwa ryacika, na bo bakagira icyo bigezaho aho kwisanga mu ngeso mbi ababyeyi bishoyemo.
Ntibakunze kuvuga ibyababayeho
Sengoga Christophe, ni inzobere mu by’amategeko. Yemeza ko aba bana izo ngeso mbi bazimenyerezwa n’ababyeyi babo buhoro buhoro, ku buryo badashobora kuvuga ibyababayeho.
Agira ati “Iyo igihe kigeze n’ikirego kikaba cyatangwa, kubona ibimenyetso biragorana. Ugasanga habayeho kumvikana n’uwamufashe ku ngufu akagira icyo yemera azafasha umwana, ubundi iby’ubutabera bigashyirwa mu gatebo.”
Akomeza agira “Abana babyarwa n’abkora uburaya kandi bakabana na bo, turabizi ko bahohoterwa ariko akenshi ntibabivuga. Gusa dukomeza gukora ubukangurambaga tubashishikariza amategeko kandi n’abana tubigisha uburyo bakwitangira ikirego.”
Murwanashyaka Evariste, ni Umuyobozi wa Gahunda mu mpuzamiryango y’uburenganzira bwa muntu (CLADHO), avuga ko ikibazo cy’uko abana bakomoka ku bakora uburaya ndetse n’abashowe mu buraya ari bato badafatwa neza uko bikwiye babizi, kandi bakora ubukangurambaga n’ubuvugizi kugira ngo abana bari mu bibazo nk’ibingibi babe bafashwa ku bivamo. Ikindi ni uko bakorana n’inzego z’ubutabera kugira ngo abashora abana mu bibazo bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka babe babihaninwa.
Agira ati “Ikibazo cy’abana bashorwa mu busambanyi turakizi, ariko nta mwana n’umwe ukwiye kuvutswa uburenganzira bitewe n’uko yavutse. Politiki y’u Rwanda ivuga ko abana bose bareshya, uburyo umwana yaba yavutsemo bwose n’uwaba yamubyaye uwo ari we wese. Rero kuba hari abana bavangurwa cyangwa bahohoterwa bitewe n’uko bavutse kuri banyina bakora uburaya, uwo byagaragara ko yahohoteye uwo mwana yitwaje icyo kintu akwiye kubihanirwa, kuko ntibakwiye kuzira akazi banyina bakora kandi hari amategeko abihana rwose, ku buryo uwabibona wese yatanga amakuru abo bantu bagakurikiranwa.”
Murwanashyaka akomeza avuga ko abantu bose bakwiye kumenya ko uburenganzira bw’umwana bungana kandi bakamenya ko hari n’ibihano bitegereje umuntu wese wagaragara ko ahohotera umwana yitwaje uburyo yavutsemo.
Ati “Nta mwana ukwiye gukoreshwa mu icurunzwa ry’ubusambanyi n’umugura akwiye kubibazwa nk’undi wese wasambanyije umwana. Rero kuba babashoramo nta kidasanzwe kuko na bo ni byo baba bakora. Tuzi ko hari abantu bakora uburaya bacuruza abana bakiri batoya kugira ngo babone ubagura. Uwo byagaragara ko abikora ndetse n’abo babyeyi bagomba guhanirwa icyaha cy’icurunzwa ry’abantu, bagahanirwa n’icyaha cyo gushora abana mu busambanyi. Ikindi abana b’abakobwa na bo bagomba kumenya uburenganzira bwabo, bamenye ko ari bo bakwiye kwirinda mbere ya byose, bige kuvuga oya, bajye banabivuga kugira ngo barenganurwe.”
Basaba ko bafashwa kubona ubutabera
Umwe mu bakobwa ati “Twifuza ko natwe twajya twitabwaho tugahabwa ubutabera, kuko akenshi usanga hari na zimwe mu nzego z’ibanze zituma tutabubona. Urugero, narahohoterwe ngize ngo nsanze umuyobozi w’umudugudu, anyumvisha ko ndi umwana w’indaya aho kunkemurira ikibazo. Naje gutwita mama aranyirukana, nkajya mba ku muhanda, bukeye haza umuntu anyibira umwana; nsubiye mu buyobozi bansubiza ko nakabaye nshima Imana ko bamutwaye n’ubundi ntari mfite uho murerera, nabateraga ikibazo.”
Icyo inzego za Leta ibivugaho
Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wungirije w’Akarere ka Gasabo, Mudaheranwa Regis, avuga ko bajya bahuza abana bose bo mu mu karere mu gihe cy’ibiruhuko bangana n’ibihumbi cumi n’umunani bavanze bose, bakigishwa uburyo bakwirinda no kumenya kwitangira amakuru mu gihe bahuye n’ibibazo. Ibi ngo byatanze umusaruro kuko abangavu babashije gutinyuka bagaragaza ababatera inda n’ababahohotera.
Agira ati “Ntabwo tubavangura, tubarebera hamwe n’abandi bangavu bahohoterwa, cyane ko akenshi tubimenya byamaze no kuba; ariko iyo tugize umwana tumenya ko byamubayeho cyangwa ari gutotezwa, turamufasha agahabwa ubutabera nk’abandi bangavu muri rusange. Iyo dusanze umubyeyi abimujyanamo kuko yabuze icyo kurya turakimuha. Nk’ubu hari abo twabihaye muri Nyagatovu abana babo tubashakira uburyo bwo kwiga…”
Ikindi ngo akarere gakora umukwabu mu ndaya aho zikunze gukorera. Icyo gihe ngo abari munsi y’imyaka 18, babasubiza mu miryango, abandi mu mashuri, abafite impinja bagafashwa, kuko hari n’abigishwa imyuga yo kubafasha mu mibereho.
Uyu muyobozi avuga ko ubu indaya zizwi akarere gafite ari 104 zifashwa. Nyamara ariko umubare w’abafashwa n’uwabasigaye badafashwa ukaba ari muto cyane ugereranije n’umubare w’abakora uburaya muri rusange n’uko biyongera bitewe n’ukugorwa n’imibereho.
Umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango, Mireille Batamuliza, yemera ko iki kibazo kitagabanyuka nk’uko byifuzwa.
Atangaza ko kuva mu 2018-2019, imibare yazamutse iva ku 19,832 ijya ku 23,628. Umwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2020, imibare yaragabanutse kuko hagaragaye abagera ku 19,701.
Agira ati “Abana basaga ibihumbi 19 badafite imyaka y’ubukure, badafite imibiri yiteguye gusama no kubyara, badafite ubumenyi, badafite ubushobozi mu buryo bw’amafaranga bwo kurera ba bana n’abo babyaye; ikibazo rero urumva kiracyari kinini.”
Ibi kandi ngo bishimangirwa no kuba imibare y’abo Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) rukurikiranyeho iki cyaha, na yo ikomeje kuzamuka.
RIB ivuga ko mu isesengura yakoze yasanze mu mpamvu zitera ikibazo cy’isambanywa ry’abana, ndetse bagaterwa inda, ku isonga hari ukudohoka kw’ababyeyi batagiha umwanya uhagije abana babo.
Umuvugizi wa RIB, Dr. Murangira B Thierry, agaragaza ko mu 2018/2019 ibirego byakiriwe byari 3 433, mu 2019/2020 biba 4,077, noneho 2020/2021 biba 5,330. Iyo rero urebye ubwiyongere, hiyongereyeho ibirego 1,897 bihwanye na 55%. Muri abo ngabo 3,199 ni abana basambanyijwe bagaterwa inda, abasambanyijwe ntibaterwa inda ni 10,447.
Icyo itegeko rivuga kuwasambanyije umwana
Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta nimero idasanzwe ku wa 27/09/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano ku wasambanyije umwana.
Ingingo ya 133 y’iri tegeko, ivuga ko umuntu wese ukorera ku mwana kimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye ku gitsina bikurikira, aba akoze icyaha nko gushyira igitsina mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa k’umwana; gushyira urugingo urwo arirwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu mu gitsina, cyangwa mu kibuno cy’umwana; gukora ikindi gikorwa cyose ku mubiri w’umwana hagamijwe ishimishamubiri. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25).
Itegeko rivuga ko iyo gusambanya umwana byakorewe ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Gusambanya umwana ufite cyangwa urengeje imyaka cumi n’ine (14) byamuteye indwara idakira cyangwa ubumuga, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu. Iyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.
Iyo icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana cyakozwe hagati y’abana bafite nibura imyaka cumi n’ine (14) nta kiboko cyangwa ibikangisho byakoreshejwe, nta gihano gitangwa. Icyakora, iyo umwana ufite imyaka cumi n’ine (14) ariko utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) asambanyije umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), ahanwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 54 y’iri tegeko.
Munezero Jeanne d’Arc
