Munezero Jeanne d’Arc
Kaminuza yingenga ya UNILAK (University of Lay Adventists of Kigali), ishuri ry’amategeko, yegukanye intsinzi mu marushanwa yateguwe na Komite Mpuzamahanga y’Umuryango Utabara Imbabare ICRC. Ni amarushanwa yahuje abanyeshuri biga amategeko muri Kaminuza eshanu zo mu Rwanda. Aya marushanwa yibanze ku bumenyi bw’ingenzi ku mategeko agenga ibihe by’intambara no ku mategeko arengera impunzi.
Ni amarushanwa abaye ku nshuro ya 8, akaba yaritabiriwe na kaminuza zo mu Rwanda zigisha amategeko zirimo Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UR), UNILAK, INES- Ruhengeri, ULK na UK (University of Kigali). Icyiciro cya mbere cyari ugutegura imyanzuro yanditse, akaba ari na cyo cyagendeweho hatoranywa abaza mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuburana. Abakomeje n’abatsinze abandi mu birego byanditse bahita baza kugaragariza inteko y’abacamanza ibyo banditse niba baba banabyumva, kuko baba baburana bumva ko bari mu rukiko; biba bitandukanye n’ibyagiye mu nyandiko gusa, kuko ushobora kuba wanditse byiza ariko udashoboye kubivuga.
Instinda ry’abanyeshuri biga muri Kaminuza ya UNILAK mu ishami ry’amategeko, ubwo baganiraga n’Ikinyamakuru Panorama, bavuze ko bishimiye aya marushanwa kandi bungukiyemo byinshi, bakaba banishimira ko babonye itike yo kuzakomeza mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga azabera mu gihugu cya Kenya, aho bazaba bahanganye mu rwego rwa Afurika.
Umwe mu bitwaye neza muri iki gikorwa, Shema Aimé, wiga muri Kaminuza ya UNILAK, yavuze ko aya marushanwa ari urubuga rwiza rw’imyiteguro y’abantu biyumvamo kuzagira uruhare runini mu kurushaho guteza imbere ubutabera mu gihugu.
Agira ati “Byanshimishije kuba nshobora gutsindira ibikombe bibiri mu irushanwa rimwe kandi harimo n’abandi. Ni ibyo kwishimira no gushimira abarimu batwigishije. Kugeza ubu ndashishikariza na bagenzi banjye kuba batinyuka bakabikunda, kuko bigira experience, cyane ko utaba umunyamategeko utinya. Ibi kubitangiriraho biguha isura yo hanze mu gihe uzaba utangiye kujya mu kazi…”
Akomeza agira ati “Ibi bintu biba bisaba gusoma cyane, ukikuramo ubunebwe kugira ngo ugere ku tsinzi; ukusanya amakuru ukagenda uterateranya. Nko ku munyeshuri biba bikomeye ariko iyo ubikoze neza birakunda, cyane ko uba uziko hari aho bishobora kukugeza. Nashishikariza na bagenzi banjye kubikunda kuko ari umwanya wo kwimenyereza umwuga twitegura kwinjiramo.”
Karinda Jean Damascene ukora muri UNHCR akaba ashinzwe iby’amategeko no gufasha abantu basaba ubuhunzi, akaba n’umwe mu bateguye aya marushanwa ku mahame n’amatego agenga ibihe by’intambara (International Humanitarian Law), avuga ko iki gikorwa gitegurwa hagamijwe gusuzuma ubumenyi baha abanyeshuri, muri rimwe mu isomo batanga kuri iyo nsanganyamatsiko.
Agira ati “Icyo tuba tugamije ni ukugira ngo turusheho ku bafasha kwiyungura ubumenyi bwisumbuyeho k’ubwo basanganywe mu ishuri, no ku byo bize mu mashuri, barusheho kubishyira mu ngiro; noneho mu buryo bw’amarushanwa bigatuma bakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, bagasoma ibitabo n’imanza zitandukanye, byose bibasha kurusha kumva neza iki gice cy’amategeko mpuzamahanga.”
Akomeza avuga ko bitanga umusaruro uhagije cyane mu baciye muri aya marushanwa, aho bibafasha kuva mu byo bakora mu ishuri, ahubwo bakajya ku ruhando mpuzamahanga, aho barushaho kwibona ku rwego mpuzamahanga bitandukanye n’ibyo bakiga mu ishuri; bakarekera ahongaho. Bigaragara ko abenshi bibafungurira indi miryango bigatuma bashaka no kumenya byinshi ku mategeko.
Agira ati “Ibi rero bibafasha kugira ngo batere indi ntabwe barenge urwego rw’igihugu kimwe, batangire kureba amategeko mpuzamahanga na za kaminuza zibyungukiramo, kuko ziba zifuza ko abanyeshuri bigishije bagaragara nk’abanyeshuri babonye ubumenyi buhagije cyane, ko abagize amahirwe yo guca muri aya marushanwa. Ubona ko hari itandukanyirizo hagati yabo n’abataragize ayo mahirwe, kuko baba bakoze ubushakashatsi buhambaye, kandi ari n’intyoza mu magambo, cyane ko amategeko atagarukira mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo bakeneye kwipima bagereranyije n’ubumenyi abandi banyeshuri bo mu bindi bihugu bafite, mu gihe baramuka bari kuburana n’abaturuka mu bindi bihugu.”
Karinda akomeza ati “Ubuzima budusaba guhora twiga. Icyo navuga ku batinya kwiga amategoko, ni uko bagomba kuyakunda, bakareka kumva ababatera ubwoba cyane ko iyo wize ikintu gikomeye nawe uba ukomeye. Ntabwo dukwiye gutinya ibintu bikomeye, ahubwo dukwiye kuyatinyuka kugira ngo dutegure ejo hacu heza hakomeye, kandi hakugire ukomeye. Ntihakagire utinya kuko aya marushanwa abagamije ku gutinyura.”
Umuryango Mpuzamahanga utabara imbabare (CICR), ufite inshingano yo kwigisha no gusakaza amategeko agenga intambara ndetse no guharanira ko yakubahirizwa ku isi hose, binyuze mu masezerano y’i Genève yashyizweho umukono bwa mbere n’ibihugu mu 164.




