Indwara zitandura harimo izifata umutima n’imitsi, zica benshi kurusha izindi. Umwijima, umutima, impyiko, diyabete n’izindi zitandura zikomoka ku kunywa itabi, inzoga nyinshi, kurya nabi no kudakora imyitozo ngoraramubiri.
Nk’uko byagaragajwe na raporo ya Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu 2016, abanyarwanda bagera kuri 21 ku ijana mu bapfa, bazize indwara zitandura. Na none kandi 41 ku ijana muri bo bazira indwara zifata umutima n’imiyoboro yawo.
Ibi bigaragazwa na Prof Joseph Mucumbitsi, inzobere mu buvuzi bw’indwara z’umutima, umuganda mu bitaro byitiriwe umwami Fayisali, akana n’umuyobozi w’Ihuriro ry’abaganga b’imitima mu Rwanda, ndetse akaba n’Umuyobozi wungirije w’Ihuriro ry’abaganga b’umutima mu bihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
Prof Mucumbitsi atangaza ko mu Rwanda hari ikibazo cy’uko abipimisha indwara z’umutima n’imitsi ari bake, bityo imibare y’abarwaye ntimenyekane ngo bavurwe. Ibi bituma kumenya abo ziriya ndwara zihitana ari ikizamini kitoroshye.
Agira ati: “Abantu benshi iyo batagiye kwisuzumisha kwa muganga, ntibaba bazi ko bafite ikibazo cy’indwara zitandura. Abenshi indwara z’umutima zibica batabizi, batanagerageje kujya kwa muganga.”
Akomeza agira ati: “Iki kibazo kirakomeye mu bihugu byose, ariko mu bikennye birakabije. Mu baheruka kwipimisha umuvuduko w’amaraso mu mezi atatu ashize. 50 ku ijana ntibaba babizi, 50 ku ijana mu babizi ntibivuza cyangwa ngo banywe imiti neza. 50 ku ijana mu bayinywa ntigera ku gipimo gikenewe.”
Indwara zitandura harimo n’izifata umutima zica abantu benshi kurusha izindi ku Isi, kuko zihitana abarenga miliyoni cumi n’indwi n’igice buri mwaka. 80 ku ijana by’abapfa bazize indwara z’umutima babarirwa mu bihugu bikennye.
Abenshi mu bicwa n’izi ndwara ni abo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kubera ko batinda kwisuzimisha kandi n’ubushobozi bwo kwivuza bukaba ari buke.
Ikindi cyagaragaye ni uko indwara y’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso ifata Abirabura kurusha Abazungu kubera ko biri mu maraso yabo ibyo bita “genetics”.
Ubusanzwe ngo abaganga bo muri buri gihugu mu biri mu karere u Rwanda ruherereyemo bari bafite ihuriro ry’abaganga bavura indwara zitandura ariko mu Rwanda ntabahabaga.
Muri iki gihe ariko bagiyeho kugira ngo bafatanye gukomeza gushishikariza abaturage uko bakwirinda ziriya ndwara.
Ihuriro ry’abo baganga mu Rwanda baryise RNCD Alliance (Rwanda Non communicable Diseases), rikaba rifite umugambi wo gukangurira Abanyarwanda uko bakwirinda indwara zitandura.
Crispin Gishoma, Umuyobozi wa RNCD Alliance avuga ko indwara zitandura zikomoka nibura ku bintu bine bikomeye birimo itabi, inzoga nyinshi, indyo itaboneye no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Agira ati: “Urugero nk’indwara ya diyabete uwo yafashe imuzanira n’izindi ndwara zidakira. Kwivuza bitwara amafaranga menshi y’umurengera. Umuryango uhora uhangayikishijwe n’ubuzima bw’umurwayi, bityo ugatakaza amafaranga menshi. Uwarwaye na we ntaba agifite ubushobozi mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Kugira abarwayi benshi bituma ubukungu bw’igihugu na bwo buhazaharira.”
Akangurira abantu kumenya gukurikirana ubuzima bwabo n’ubwo baba biyumva ko batarwaye. Avuga ko hari indwara ziba zakamotse ku ndwara zidakira, atanga urugero ko indwara y’amaso hari igihe ikomoka ku kuba umuntu arwaye diayebete ariko ntabimenye.
Dr Evarist Ntaganda ukora mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuzima (RBC) atangaza ko indwara zitandura zifite umuvuduko ukomeye cyane. Mu rwego rwo guhangana na zo hari gahunda yo kuzaha ibitaro by’uturere ibikoresho bisuzuma, kandi bagahabwa ubushobozi bwo kuvura nk’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso na Asima (Asthma). Ibi bikazaba byagezweho nibura mu myaka ibiri iri imbere.
Dr Ntaganda avuga ko mu rwego rwo gufasha abanyarwanda gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi igakorerwa ahantu hari umwuka mwiza, hashyizweho gahunda ya Car Free Day. Iyi gahunda igomba kwitabirwa n’uturere twose, kuko byagaragaye ko yatangiye gutanga umusaruro cyane cyane muri Kigali.
Agira ati: “Nitutagerageza ngo dukore ibishoboka, amafaranga yose y’igihugu azajya muri serivisi z’ubuzima gusa. Hakwiye ingamba zikomeye. Umuvuduko w’amaraso, diyabete na Asima bizajya bivurirwa ku bigo nderabuzima. Ariko kandi ingingo, amagufwa n’imikaya bibeshwaho no kubikoresha. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ni ingenzi ku buzima bw’umuntu.”
Mu ndwara zitandura harimo indwara zo mu mutwe, izo mu kanwa, iz’umutima, iz’ubuhumekero, iz’impyiko, Diyabete, umuvuduko w’amaraso, Kanseri, ubumuga bw’amatwi, ubumuga bw’amagufwa,…
Muri gahunda ya Guverinoma y’imyaka irindwi 2017-2024, mu rwego rw’ubuzima, bimwe mu bizakorwa harimo kubaka ibitaro bitandukanye, ibindi byagurwe, kandi byose bizashyirwamo ibyangombwa bikwiye.
Bimwe mu bitaro birebwa n’iyi gahunda ni ibya Ruhengeri, Munini, Byumba, Nyabikenke, Masaka, Gatunda, Gatonde na Muhororo.
Imirenge 17 itari ifite ibigo nderabuzima, izabihabwa kandi hirya no hino mu gihugu hazubakwa “Poste de Santé” nshya 150.
Buri tariki ya 29 Nzeri, Isi yose yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wagenewe umutima. Ibihugu birebera hamwe uko ibitera indwara z’umutima bigabanuka cyangwa byiyongera bityo hagafatwa ingamba ziboneye.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2007 mu Rwanda hatangiye kwizihizwa umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Umutima. Ku Isi watangiye kwizihizwa mu mwaka wa 2000. Kuva tariki ya 24 Nzeri kugeza ku wa 01 Ukwakira 2017 cyari icyumweru cyahariwe kurwanya indwara z’umutima.
Kuva iminsi yiswe Car Free Day yashyirwaho ngo bigaragaraga ko abantu bitabira kwipimisha kandi bagafashwa mu gihe bigaragaye ko hari ikibazo bafite.
Hafashwe ingamba ko mu 2025 abahitanwa n’izi ndwara bagomba kuba bagabanyutse kugez kuri 25 ku ijana, ariko ubu igipimo kiri kuri 17 ku ijana.
Gufata indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kwirinda kunywa itabi no kwirinda kunywa inzoga nyinshi ni ingenzi mu guhangana n’indwara z’umutima n’imiyoboro iwushamikiyeho.
Ikibazo gikomeye nanone ni uko ibyo turya ndetse n’ibyo tunywa harimo ibyangiza ubuzima. Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya kubifata mu rugero no gukurikirana ubuzima atari ngombwa ko umuntu yarwaye.
Rwanyange Rene Anthere
