Imyaka 40 y’ubufatanye hagati ya UNICEF n’u Rwanda yagaragaje impinduka zikomeye mu buzima n’imibereho y’abana, cyane cyane mu buzima, uburezi, imirire, amazi n’isuku ndetse no kubarinda ihohoterwa. Icyakora, imibare UNICEF Rwanda yagaragaje igaragaza ko hari ibibazo bikomeye bigikeneye ibisubizo, birimo imirire mibi, icyuho mu myigire n’ubukene.
Mu kwizihiza iyi myaka 40, UNICEF Rwanda yateguye Media Dialogue yabereye i Kigali ku wa 18 Nzeri 2026, ihuza UNICEF n’abanyamakuru ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: “40 Years for Every Child: The Media’s Role in Shaping the Next Chapter for Children in Rwanda.” Iki kiganiro cyibanze ku ruhare rw’itangazamakuru mu gukomeza gushyira uburenganzira n’imibereho y’umwana mu biganiro rusange. Hagaragajwe byinshi byakozwe ku bufatanye na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ariko hari n’ibikomeza gushyirwamo imbaraga.
Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, impfu z’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu zaragabanutse ku buryo bugaragara. Zavuye ku bana 175.6 ku 1,000 bavuka ari bazima mu 1992, zigera kuri 36 ku 1,000, bivuze igabanuka rya hafi 80%. UNICEF Data yo igaragaza ko muri 2024 zari kuri 37.7 ku 1,000. Nubwo hari intambwe ikomeye, hafi 47% by’impfu z’abo bana zikomeza guterwa n’ibibazo bibaho mu kwezi kwa mbere nyuma yo kuvuka.
Mu mirire, ikibazo cyo kudindira mu mikurire kiracyari imbogamizi. UNICEF ivuga ko 27% by’abana bagifite iki kibazo, nubwo ari igabanuka rikomeye ugereranyije na 48% mu 2000. Abana bo mu cyaro n’abaturuka mu miryango ifite ubushobozi buke ni bamwe mu bakunze kwibasirwa cyane, bigatuma indyo yuzuye n’imirire iboneye bikomeza kuba ingenzi mu iterambere ry’umwana.
No mu burezi, umubare w’abana bagera ku mashuri wiyongereye. Abitabira amashuri abanza bageze kuri 93%, bavuye kuri 47.5% mu 1992. Mu burezi bw’ibanze bw’abana bato, umubare w’abitabira gahunda za ECD wavuye kuri 297,021 mu 2020 ugera kuri 1,165,384 mu 2025. Ariko ikibazo ubu ntikikiri gusa ukwinjira mu ishuri, kuko hafi 47% by’abanyeshuri bataragera ku rwego rw’ibanze rw’ubumenyi bukenewe.
Serivisi z’amazi n’isuku na zo zagiye zitera imbere. UNICEF igaragaza ko serivisi z’ibanze z’amazi zigeze kuri 68%, mu gihe iz’isuku zigeze kuri 71%, ugereranyije na 51% na 54% mu 2014/15. Ibi bifite uruhare mu kurinda abana indwara no guteza imbere imibereho yabo, nubwo hakiri icyuho mu kubona serivisi zihagije kandi zirambye.
Mu kurengera umwana, abarenga 90% by’abana bari barashyizwe mu bigo kuva mu 2012 bamaze gusubizwa mu miryango. Ibi bishimangira uburyo uburere bushingiye ku muryango bwashyizwe imbere, hagamijwe ko abana bakurira ahantu habafasha gutera imbere kandi harinda uburenganzira bwabo.
Urubyiruko na rwo rwashyizwe mu byitabwaho muri uru rugendo. UNICEF igaragaza ko amashyirahamwe 85 ayobowe n’urubyiruko yahujwe muri UNICEF–Ministry of Youth Community of Practice, mu gihe ibikorwa bya Ingazi – Passport to Earning byageze ku bantu barenga 400,000. Nanone, RISE Programme ifite intego yo kugera ku rubyiruko rutari mu mashuri rugera kuri miliyoni 1.1, kugira ngo rufashwe kubona ubumenyi n’amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere.
Ubukene bw’abana bushingiye ku bintu byinshi na bwo bwaragabanutse. Ku bana bafite imyaka 5–14, imibare ishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwa NISR yerekana ko bwavuye kuri 25.3% muri 2016/17 bugera kuri 11.9% muri 2023/24. Icyakora, ikibazo cy’imiturire kiracyari hejuru, aho deprivation muri uru rwego ikomeje kuba hafi 60%, hakiyongeraho imbogamizi zijyanye n’ibidukikije n’amashanyarazi.
UNICEF ivuga ko nubwo hari ibyo u Rwanda rumaze kugeraho, hakiri ibitaragerwaho. Muri ibyo harimo gukomeza kurwanya imirire mibi, kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi, kugabanya ubukene, kwita ku mibereho y’ingimbi n’abangavu, guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kurinda abana ingaruka z’ikoranabuhanga.
Imibare y’imyaka 40 ishize igaragaza ko u Rwanda rwateye intambwe ikomeye mu guteza imbere imibereho y’abana, ariko kandi igaragaza ko hari abana bataragerwaho n’izo mpinduka ku rugero rumwe. Ku itangazamakuru, ibi biha umwanya wo gukoresha amakuru n’imibare mu gukurikirana ibyagezweho, kugaragaza ibibazo bikiriho no guha ijwi abana n’imiryango bafite ibibazo, kugira ngo igice gikurikira cy’uru rugendo kigere kuri buri mwana.
