Mu gihe abayobozi, abashoramari, abashakashatsi n’urubyiruko barenga 5.000 bateraniye i Kigali mu nama ya 20 ya Africa Food Systems Forum, ikibazo gikomeye Afurika ikwiye kwibazaho si uko ibiganiro bizagenda neza, ahubwo ni ibisubizo bizava muri iyi nama bikagera ku muhinzi no ku miryango ihura n’inzara.
Iyi nama yibanda ku gushora imari mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ibiribwa, hagamijwe kugaburira abaturage, guhanga imirimo no kubaka ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ije kandi mu gihe Afurika yatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nshya z’ubuhinzi z’umugabane zizamara imyaka icumi, kuva mu 2026 kugeza mu 2035. Iki ni igihe cy’ingenzi cyo gufata ibyemezo ku ngengo y’imari, imishinga izashyirwa imbere n’ibikorwa bigomba gutanga umusaruro.
Ariko Afurika ntikeneye indi nama izasozwa n’itangazo ryiza mu nyandiko, mu gihe inzara, imirire mibi n’ingaruka z’ikirere bikomeje kwiyongera.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu 2025, Abanyafurika bagera kuri miliyoni 309 batabonye ibiribwa bihagije. Nubwo ijanisha ry’abafite inzara ryagabanutse gato, riva kuri 20,3% rikagera kuri 20%, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bukomeje gutuma umubare nyakuri w’abahanganye n’ikibazo cy’ibiribwa uguma hejuru.
Abaturage barenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’Abanyafurika bahura n’ikibazo cyo kutagira umutekano uhagije w’ibiribwa, mu gihe hafi bibiri bya gatatu batabasha kubona indyo yuzuye kubera ubushobozi buke.
Biteganyijwe ko mu 2030 Afurika izaba ifite igice kirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage b’isi bazaba bagihura n’inzara.
Ikibazo cy’ibiribwa ntikigarukira gusa ku kubura ibyo kurya. Afurika ikomeje kugira umubare munini w’abana bafite ikibazo cyo kudakura neza.
Hafi abana batatu muri 10 bari munsi y’imyaka itanu ku mugabane wa Afurika bafite ikibazo cyo kugwingira. Mu bice bimwe bya Afurika yo Hagati, iki kibazo kigeze hafi kuri 40.
Kugwingira bishobora kugira ingaruka zirambye ku mikurire y’ubwonko, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri n’ubushobozi bw’umuntu mu buzima bwe bwose.
Ni ikibazo kandi kigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ejo hazaza, kuko abana batabona imirire ikwiye uyu munsi ari bo bazaba abakozi, abahinzi, abaganga n’abayobozi b’ejo.
Ubuhinzi muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara bushingiye cyane ku mvura, aho hafi 90% by’ubuhinzi bukorerwa ku mvura isanzwe igwa.
Nyamara ubutaka buhingwa bukorerwaho kuhira buracyari ku rugero ruto cyane, bugera hafi kuri 6%.
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere yamaze kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi muri Afurika, mu gihe biteganyijwe ko imyaka irimo ibigori, ingano n’imyumbati ishobora kurushaho kugabanuka umusaruro mu gihe hatashyirwa mu bikorwa ingamba zo kwihanganira izo mpinduka.
Nubwo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wazamutse cyane mu myaka 20 ishize, ibyo ntibyahagije kugira ngo inzara igabanuke ku rugero rukenewe cyangwa ngo abaturage benshi babashe kubona indyo yuzuye.
Kongera umusaruro gusa, hatabayeho amasoko, ububiko, inganda zitunganya umusaruro, amazi n’ingamba z’imirire, ntibihagije kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ibiribwa.
Mu myaka 20 ishize, Africa Food Systems Forum yabaye urubuga rw’ingenzi rwo guhuza abayobozi, abashoramari n’inzego zitandukanye.
Hagiye hatangazwa imishinga y’ishoramari, ubufatanye n’amasezerano afite agaciro ka miliyari z’amadolari.
Ariko ikibazo kigikomeye ni icyuho kiri hagati y’ibyemezo bifatirwa mu nama n’ibigera ku muhinzi wo hasi.
Hari aho imbuto nziza zitagera ku bahinzi, gahunda zo kuhira zigahera ku mpapuro, imishinga y’imari yo guhangana n’ikirere ntibone abashoramari, mu gihe ikibazo cyo kugwingira cyitabwaho ari uko cyamaze kuba gikomeye.
Ingamba nshya za Afurika ziteganya kongera umusaruro w’urwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ibiribwa ku rugero rwa 45% bitarenze 2035, kugabanya igihombo cy’umusaruro nyuma yo gusarura mo kabiri no gukusanya nibura miliyari 100 z’amadolari y’ishoramari.
Zigamije kandi kugabanya inzara, kugabanya kugwingira kw’abana ku rugero rwa 25% no gufasha abaturage benshi kubona indyo yuzuye.
Kimwe mu bisubizo by’ingenzi Afurika ikeneye ni ukongera ubuhinzi bukoresha amazi mu buryo burambye.
Aho kuguma mu biganiro byibaza gusa impamvu amazi ari ingenzi, ibihugu bikwiye kugira imishinga isobanutse igaragaza ubutaka buzashyirwa mu kuhira, abazayaterwa inkunga n’uburyo umutungo kamere uzarindwe.
Ubuhinzi bwuhirwa, uburyo bwo kuhira buyoborwa n’abahinzi ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu z’izuba bishobora gufasha kugabanya ubuhinzi bushingiye gusa ku mvura.
Afurika ikomeje guhura n’ikibazo cy’imbuto zitari umwimerere, kwishingikiriza ku myaka mike ndetse n’igihombo kinini cy’umusaruro nyuma yo gusarura.
Kongera ubwoko bw’imbuto, guteza imbere ibikoresho byiza byo gutera no gushora imari mu bubiko n’uburyo bwo gukusanya umusaruro bishobora kugabanya igihombo cy’ibiribwa.
Ibi bishobora no kuba igisubizo kirambye kurusha gutegereza kuzana ibiribwa byinshi biturutse hanze igihe umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu wangiritse.
Ishoramari mu buhinzi ntirikwiye gupimwa gusa ku bwinshi bw’ibilo cyangwa imifuka y’imyaka yasaruwe.
Imishinga ikomeye ikwiye kugaragaza uko izafasha abagore n’abana kubona indyo itandukanye kandi ifite intungamubiri.
Kugabanya kugwingira bizasaba guteza imbere imyaka itandukanye, ibikomoka ku matungo, ibiribwa gakondo bifite intungamubiri n’uburyo bwiza bwo kugaburira abaturage bo mu mijyi.
Ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, Afurika ikomeje kugira imigambi myinshi ariko ikabura imishinga yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo iterwe inkunga.
Ibisubizo by’ingenzi byagombye kuva i Kigali ni imishinga ifatika yateguwe neza, ihuriweho na minisiteri z’ubuhinzi, imari n’ibidukikije kandi ishobora guhita ishorwamo amafaranga.
Abagore bafite uruhare runini mu gutanga umusaruro w’ibiribwa muri Afurika, ariko bakomeza guhura n’imbogamizi mu kubona ubutaka, igishoro n’amasoko.
Urubyiruko na rwo rukeneye amahirwe yo kubaka ubucuruzi mu buhinzi, aho kuba urwo guhabwa umwanya wo kugaragara gusa mu nama.
Ibisubizo bifatika byasaba gutanga inguzanyo ziboroheye, kunoza amategeko ajyanye n’ubutaka no gushyiraho amasoko afasha ibigo by’abagore n’urubyiruko kugurisha umusaruro wabyo.
Hakaba hakenewe urutonde rusobanutse rw’imishinga yatewe inkunga, amafaranga yamaze kuboneka, umubare w’abahinzi bazayungukiramo, ubutaka buzashyirwa mu kuhira n’ingaruka ku mirire.
Hashobora kandi gushyirwaho igihe kizwi cyo gusuzuma aho ibyemezo byafatiwe bigeze gushyirwa mu bikorwa, nyuma y’amezi 10.
Ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya niba Kigali yakiriye neza abashyitsi cyangwa niba inama yagenze neza.
Igipimo nyacyo kizaba ari ukumenya niba umuhinzi uhinga ashingiye ku mvura azabona imbuto nziza, amazi n’isoko mu gihembwe gitaha.
Hazarebwa kandi niba abana bazagabanyirizwa ibyago byo kugwingira bitewe n’ibyemezo byafatiwe muri iyi nama, ndetse n’uko ubukangurambaga bwo guhangana n’ikirere buzahinduka ibikorwa bifatika.
Afurika ifite abantu, ubutaka, umutungo n’ingamba z’iterambere. Ikibura ni uguhindura inama n’amasezerano bigahinduka ibikorwa bigera ku baturage.
Kigali ikwiye kuba ahatangirira uburyo bushya bwo gupima intsinzi y’inama za Afurika: kutongera kubara abitabiriye gusa, ahubwo kureba ubutaka bwashyizwe mu kuhira, umusaruro warinzwe kutangirika, abaturage babonye indyo yuzuye n’abana bakuze neza.
Abantu bafite inzara, umuhinzi uhanganye n’izuba n’umwana uri kugwingira ntibazungukira mu itangazo ryiza risoza inama. Bazungukira gusa mu byemezo bizashyirwa mu bikorwa.
