Ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, cyane cyane agahinda gakabije, bikomeje kugaragara nk’ikibazo gikomeye mu rubyiruko, aho bamwe mu babifite bashobora kwitabaza inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge mu rwego rwo kugerageza guhunga ibibazo no kugabanya agahinda.
Nubwo imibare y’inzego z’ubuzima igaragaza ko ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu Rwanda byagabanutse, bikava kuri 20,5% mu 2018 bikagera kuri 18,6% mu 2025, hakomeje kugaragara icyuho mu guhangana n’abatabasha kuvuga cyangwa gushakira ubufasha ku gihe ku bibazo bafite.
Muri rusange, agahinda gakabije ni ko kiganza mu bibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe byagaragajwe, kuko gafite 9,1%, mu gihe ibibazo bishingiye ku ihungabana bingana na 3%, naho ibifitanye isano no gukoresha inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge bikaba 2,4%.
Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima igaragaza ko ikibazo kigaragara mu byiciro bitandukanye by’urubyiruko. Abafite hagati y’imyaka 26 na 35 bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bangana na 18,2%. Ku bafite imyaka 19 kugeza kuri 25 ni 13,7%, mu gihe abari hagati ya 14 na 18 bangana na 8,7%.
Bamwe mu rubyiruko bafite agahinda gakabije bashobora kugana inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge batekereza ko bibafasha kwibagirwa ibibazo cyangwa kumva bamerewe neza mu gihe gito. Icyakora, inzobere mu buzima bwo mu mutwe zigaragaza ko iyi nzira ishobora gukomeza ikibazo aho kugikemura.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima, RBC, kivuga ko mu biyobyabwenge bikunze kugaragara mu Rwanda harimo urumogi, kanyanga, mayirungi, mugo cyangwa heroin, lisansi, cocaine, inzoga z’inkorano zitujuje ubuziranenge ndetse n’ibinini bikoreshwa nk’ibiyobyabwenge.
RBC ishimangira ko gukoresha ibyo biyobyabwenge mu rwego rwo kwivura agahinda gakabije atari igisubizo kirambye, kuko bishobora kongera ibibazo umuntu yari afite ndetse bikagira ingaruka ku buzima no ku mibereho ye.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko 33% by’abantu bafite agahinda gakabije banywa inzoga nyinshi cyangwa bagakoresha ibiyobyabwenge mu kugerageza gucubya akababaro.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, WHO, na ryo rigaragaza ko hari isano ikomeye hagati y’ibibazo by’agahinda gakabije n’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge. Abangavu n’ingimbi bafite agahinda gakabije bafite ibyago byikubye kabiri byo kwishora mu biyobyabwenge ugereranyije n’abatagaragaza icyo kibazo.
WHO kandi ivuga ko 53% by’abantu babaswe n’ibiyobyabwenge birimo urumogi, cocaine cyangwa heroine basanganwa n’indwara zikomeye zo mu mutwe nka depression.
Ubushakashatsi bw’Ishami rishinzwe ubuzima mu Bwongereza, NCISH, bwo mu 2025, bwanagaragaje ko mu bantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bapfuye biyahuye, 47% bari bafite ikibazo cyo kubatwa n’inzoga, mu gihe 38% bakoreshaga ibindi biyobyabwenge.
Ibi bigaragaza ko inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kuba igice cy’uruziga rw’ibibazo aho kuba igisubizo. Umuntu ushaka guhunga agahinda ashobora kubanza kumva ko ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga bimuruhura, ariko ikoreshwa ryabyo rishobora kumushyira mu bindi bibazo by’ubuzima n’imibereho.
Mu Rwanda, gukoresha no gukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ni icyaha. Umuntu ubikoresha, yaba abiriye, abinyoye, abyiteye, abihumetse cyangwa abisize mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ashobora guhanwa n’amategeko.
Iyo ahamwe n’icyaha n’urukiko, ashobora guhanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’umwaka umwe n’imyaka ibiri.
Ku muntu ukora, uhinga, utunga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi cyangwa ugurisha ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ibihano birakomeye, kandi bishobora kugera ku gifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu iri hagati ya miliyoni 20 na miliyoni 30 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, bitewe n’icyaha yakoze n’icyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge.
Amategeko kandi atandukanya ibiyobyabwenge hashingiwe ku buremere bwabyo. Muri ibyo byiciro harimo ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye nka cocaine, heroine, urumogi na mugo izwi nka opium.
Umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko ibyaha birimo gutunda, guhinga, gutunga, guhindura, kubika cyangwa kugurisha ibyo biyobyabwenge bihambaye ashobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu.
Hari kandi ibiyobyabwenge biri mu cyiciro cy’ibikomeye, birimo shisha, mayirungi, rwiziringa na e-cigarette izwi nka vape. Uwahamwe n’ibikorwa byo kubitunda, kubihinga, kubitunga, kubihindura, kubibika cyangwa kubigurisha ashobora guhanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 25, hamwe n’ihazabu iri hagati ya miliyoni 15 na miliyoni 20 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Gushaka ubufasha ni intambwe ya mbere
Impuguke mu buzima bwo mu mutwe zigaragaza ko umuntu ufite agahinda gakabije cyangwa ibindi bibazo byo mu mutwe adakwiye kubihisha cyangwa kugerageza kubikemura akoresheje inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge.
Ahubwo, kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare, kuganira n’umuntu wizewe no gushaka ubufasha bw’inzobere bishobora gufasha umuntu guhangana n’ikibazo ataragera ku rwego rukomeye.
Ku rubyiruko by’umwihariko, ikibazo cy’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge gikwiye gufatwa nk’ikibazo gisaba ubufatanye bw’umuryango, ishuri, inzego z’ubuzima ndetse n’abaturage muri rusange.
Kugira ngo uyu mutego ugabanywe, hakenewe ko urubyiruko rwigishwa kuvuga ku bibazo ruhura na byo no gushaka ubufasha ku gihe, aho kwitabaza inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge nk’uburyo bwo guhunga agahinda.
